Specific Neoplasms Flashcards
Characteristics of pancreatic cancer
- Very aggressive
- Fast moving
- Invasive
Most common form of pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Who is most at risk for pancreatic cancer?
- Male dominant
- People over 60
Screening for pancreatic cancer
- Not really good screening
- CA 19- is used to confirm pancreatic cancer
Symptoms of pancreatic cancer
- Painless jaundice
- Weight loss
- Back pain (b/c its retroperitoneal)
- DTV
- Thromboplebitis
- elevated liver function tests
Common metastases of pancreatic cancer
- Liver
- Lung
- Peritoneum
Risk factors for pancreatic cancer?
- Family History
- Diabetes
- Smoking
- Chronic Pancreatitis
- Over 60 years old
- Male dominant
Complications of pancreatic cancer
Usually when its found its too late to do anything
Treatment of pancreatic cancer
- Chemo/Palliative Chemo
- Whipple- (remove pancreatic head, duodenum, and gall bladder)
Characteristics of lung cancer
- First largest cancer killer
- Very aggressive
Most common form of lung cancer
Lung adenocarcinoma
Screening for lung cancer
Low residue CAT scan if you have a 30 pack/year or more history
Symptoms of lung cancer
- Shortness of breath
- Weight loss
- Cough
- Hyponatremia
- Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
- Pleural effusion
Risk factors for lung cancer
- Smoking
- Second Hand smoke
- Exposure to inhalants or chemicals
Treatment for lung cancer
- Surgery
- Radiation (combination of both)
- Chemo
This cancer is the 2nd largest killer
Colon Cancer
Non malignant tumor of the colon
Nonneoplastic
Premalignant tumor of the colon
Adenomatous polpys
2 types of adenomatous polyps
- Tubular Adenoma
- Villous Adenoma
This syndrome guarantees cancer by the age of 30
Familial Adenomatous Polyps syndrome
Describe familial adenomatous polyp syndrome
- Autosomal Dominant
- Colon cancer by 30
- Need a colectomy
- Colon is covered with thousands of polyps with malignant potential
Symptoms of colon cancer
- Change is stool caliber
- Constipation
- Change in bowel habits
- Anemia
- Weight loss
- Diarrhea
- blood in stool
- Abdominal Pain
Common Metastases of colon cancer
- Liver
- Lung
- Lymph
- Bone
What side of the colon doesn’t show a ton of symptoms
The right side
Most common type of kidney cancer
- Renal Cell carcinoma (90% of renal malignancies)
- Transitional cell carcinoma (can occur in ureters, kidney, and bladder)
Risk factors for kidney cancer
- Smoking
- Over 65
- Men more than women
Characteristics of kidney cancer
- Can be aggressive
- Tends to get direct access to renal vein and artery
Symptoms of kidney cancer
- Hematuria
- Flank Pain
- Hypertension
- Hypercalcemia
- Polycythemia
- Inflammed bladder
- Painful urination
Metastases of kidney cancer
- Lung
- Liver
Screening for Kidney cancer
-Urinalysis over 40- looking for blood
Hematuria meansssss…
KIDNEY CANCER
Treatment of kidney cancer
-Surgery (removing the lesion does not guarantee that it doesn’t come back
Characteristics of prostate cancer
- Most are androgen dependent
- Testosterone stimulates growth
- Not common in Asians and African Americans
Most common type of Prostate Cancer
-Prostate adenocarcinoma
Symptoms of prostate cancer
- Decreased stream
- Dribbling
- Hematuria
- Increased frequency
What are common metastases of prostate cancer?
Bone (rib, pelvic, and lumbar spine)
What are screening types for prostate cancer?
- PSA levels (look for the trend- prostate size is directly related to PSA levels)
- Prostate exam (should be the size of a walnut and symmetrical)
How are prostate cancers graded?
Gleason Score- grading of a prostate tumor based on biopsies
What is the screening technique for cervical cancer?
Paps
When should you get your first pap?
At 21 or 3 years after your first intercourse
Are vaccinations available for cervical cancer protection/prevention?
Yes- for males and females between 9 and 26
What are risk cancers for cervical cancer?
- Young at first intercourse
- Multiple partners
- Partner with multiple partners
- Persistent HPV infection
- Oral contraceptives
- Smoking
What is ASCUS
Atypica, squamous cell, undeterminant significance
ISIL?
- low grade
- higher regression rate
High Grade
- more persistant
- can lead to cancer
What are risk factors for breast cancer?
- Hormonal (estrogen promotes)
- Genetic (BRCA gene)
- Early menses
- Childlessness
- Having a child over 30 years old
- Increased breast density
- Late menopause
- If you have breast cancer in one, you are 10X more likely to have it in the other
What are the symptoms of breast cancer?
- None
- Lump
- Pain
- Asymmetric breasts
- Inverted nipple
- Wrinkled Tissues
- Nipple Discharge
Common metastases of breast cancer
- Lymph nodes
- Lung
- Liver
- Brain
- Bone
Treatment for breast cancer
- Surgery
- Radiation
- Chemo
- High reoccurrence rate
- If it is estrogen dependent- patients will be put on meds to inhibit estrogen
Preventative tests for breast cancer
Mammogram
What do you look for in a mammogram?
- Calcifications
- Lesions
- Anything abnormal
