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Pathophysiology > Specific Neoplasms > Flashcards

Specific Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of pancreatic cancer

A
  • Very aggressive
  • Fast moving
  • Invasive
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2
Q

Most common form of pancreatic cancer

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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3
Q

Who is most at risk for pancreatic cancer?

A
  • Male dominant

- People over 60

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4
Q

Screening for pancreatic cancer

A
  • Not really good screening

- CA 19- is used to confirm pancreatic cancer

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5
Q

Symptoms of pancreatic cancer

A
  • Painless jaundice
  • Weight loss
  • Back pain (b/c its retroperitoneal)
  • DTV
  • Thromboplebitis
  • elevated liver function tests
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6
Q

Common metastases of pancreatic cancer

A
  • Liver
  • Lung
  • Peritoneum
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7
Q

Risk factors for pancreatic cancer?

A
  • Family History
  • Diabetes
  • Smoking
  • Chronic Pancreatitis
  • Over 60 years old
  • Male dominant
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8
Q

Complications of pancreatic cancer

A

Usually when its found its too late to do anything

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9
Q

Treatment of pancreatic cancer

A
  • Chemo/Palliative Chemo

- Whipple- (remove pancreatic head, duodenum, and gall bladder)

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10
Q

Characteristics of lung cancer

A
  • First largest cancer killer

- Very aggressive

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11
Q

Most common form of lung cancer

A

Lung adenocarcinoma

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12
Q

Screening for lung cancer

A

Low residue CAT scan if you have a 30 pack/year or more history

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13
Q

Symptoms of lung cancer

A
  • Shortness of breath
  • Weight loss
  • Cough
  • Hyponatremia
  • Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
  • Pleural effusion
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14
Q

Risk factors for lung cancer

A
  • Smoking
  • Second Hand smoke
  • Exposure to inhalants or chemicals
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15
Q

Treatment for lung cancer

A
  • Surgery
  • Radiation (combination of both)
  • Chemo
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16
Q

This cancer is the 2nd largest killer

A

Colon Cancer

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17
Q

Non malignant tumor of the colon

A

Nonneoplastic

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18
Q

Premalignant tumor of the colon

A

Adenomatous polpys

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19
Q

2 types of adenomatous polyps

A
  • Tubular Adenoma

- Villous Adenoma

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20
Q

This syndrome guarantees cancer by the age of 30

A

Familial Adenomatous Polyps syndrome

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21
Q

Describe familial adenomatous polyp syndrome

A
  • Autosomal Dominant
  • Colon cancer by 30
  • Need a colectomy
  • Colon is covered with thousands of polyps with malignant potential
22
Q

Symptoms of colon cancer

A
  • Change is stool caliber
  • Constipation
  • Change in bowel habits
  • Anemia
  • Weight loss
  • Diarrhea
  • blood in stool
  • Abdominal Pain
23
Q

Common Metastases of colon cancer

A
  • Liver
  • Lung
  • Lymph
  • Bone
24
Q

What side of the colon doesn’t show a ton of symptoms

A

The right side

25
Q

Most common type of kidney cancer

A
  • Renal Cell carcinoma (90% of renal malignancies)

- Transitional cell carcinoma (can occur in ureters, kidney, and bladder)

26
Q

Risk factors for kidney cancer

A
  • Smoking
  • Over 65
  • Men more than women
27
Q

Characteristics of kidney cancer

A
  • Can be aggressive

- Tends to get direct access to renal vein and artery

28
Q

Symptoms of kidney cancer

A
  • Hematuria
  • Flank Pain
  • Hypertension
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Polycythemia
  • Inflammed bladder
  • Painful urination
29
Q

Metastases of kidney cancer

A
  • Lung

- Liver

30
Q

Screening for Kidney cancer

A

-Urinalysis over 40- looking for blood

31
Q

Hematuria meansssss…

A

KIDNEY CANCER

32
Q

Treatment of kidney cancer

A

-Surgery (removing the lesion does not guarantee that it doesn’t come back

33
Q

Characteristics of prostate cancer

A
  • Most are androgen dependent
  • Testosterone stimulates growth
  • Not common in Asians and African Americans
34
Q

Most common type of Prostate Cancer

A

-Prostate adenocarcinoma

35
Q

Symptoms of prostate cancer

A
  • Decreased stream
  • Dribbling
  • Hematuria
  • Increased frequency
36
Q

What are common metastases of prostate cancer?

A

Bone (rib, pelvic, and lumbar spine)

37
Q

What are screening types for prostate cancer?

A
  • PSA levels (look for the trend- prostate size is directly related to PSA levels)
  • Prostate exam (should be the size of a walnut and symmetrical)
38
Q

How are prostate cancers graded?

A

Gleason Score- grading of a prostate tumor based on biopsies

39
Q

What is the screening technique for cervical cancer?

A

Paps

40
Q

When should you get your first pap?

A

At 21 or 3 years after your first intercourse

41
Q

Are vaccinations available for cervical cancer protection/prevention?

A

Yes- for males and females between 9 and 26

42
Q

What are risk cancers for cervical cancer?

A
  • Young at first intercourse
  • Multiple partners
  • Partner with multiple partners
  • Persistent HPV infection
  • Oral contraceptives
  • Smoking
43
Q

What is ASCUS

A

Atypica, squamous cell, undeterminant significance

44
Q

ISIL?

A
  • low grade

- higher regression rate

45
Q

High Grade

A
  • more persistant

- can lead to cancer

46
Q

What are risk factors for breast cancer?

A
  • Hormonal (estrogen promotes)
  • Genetic (BRCA gene)
  • Early menses
  • Childlessness
  • Having a child over 30 years old
  • Increased breast density
  • Late menopause
  • If you have breast cancer in one, you are 10X more likely to have it in the other
47
Q

What are the symptoms of breast cancer?

A
  • None
  • Lump
  • Pain
  • Asymmetric breasts
  • Inverted nipple
  • Wrinkled Tissues
  • Nipple Discharge
48
Q

Common metastases of breast cancer

A
  • Lymph nodes
  • Lung
  • Liver
  • Brain
  • Bone
49
Q

Treatment for breast cancer

A
  • Surgery
  • Radiation
  • Chemo
  • High reoccurrence rate
  • If it is estrogen dependent- patients will be put on meds to inhibit estrogen
50
Q

Preventative tests for breast cancer

A

Mammogram

51
Q

What do you look for in a mammogram?

A
  • Calcifications
  • Lesions
  • Anything abnormal

Pathophysiology (18 decks)

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