Specific learning disorders

Question 1

specific learning disorders (SLD)

Answer 1

Identified when children or adolescents are unable to perform academically up to the level that would be expected based on their intellectual potential and academic background

• reading disorder
• mathematics disorder
  -disorder of written expression

Question 2

discrepancy method

Answer 2

a learning disorder was diagnosed if academic achievement fell significantly below what would be expected for that level of intellectual functioning
NOT IN USE ANYMORE-
Many low‐functioning youth could not receive special education services because their low academic achievement was not discrepant from their low intellectual functioning.
Many children with high IQs did meet criteria for a learning disorder because their academic achievement was not advanced enough to match their high IQ, and yet they often were still flourishing in their school work.
The quality of educational training was not taken into consideration, so it may have been that children were not learning well because they were not receiving adequate instruction.

Question 3

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Answer 3

all public school systems in the country have to follow it. mandates who receives services, what types of services should be received, and what types of outcomes should be expected

Question 4

responsiveness to intervention (RTI)

Answer 4

is used to ascertain whether a child who is struggling academically can be helped by enhanced educational services
There is a focus on providing evidence‐based educational methods to children before diagnosing them with a learning disorder. Thus, children who are still not able to achieve even when they are being exposed to teaching methods that are usually effective with others would be classified as learning disordered

Question 5

types of severity

Answer 5

1-The severity level of mild means that the individual has some level of difficulty in one or two academic domains, but can usually compensate for those difficulties, especially when given support and accommodations.
2-The severity level of moderate means that the individual has marked learning difficulties that can be somewhat overcome with intensive support and accommodations.
3-The severity level of severe means that the learning difficulties are across many domains and there is little likelihood of overcoming those difficulties fully even with significant and intensive support and accommodations

Question 6

Unique aspects of specific learning disorder

Answer 6

1- having difficulty learning new things
2- Poor academic skills are significantly below
3- Learning challenges are evident in school years
4- Challenges are not due to intellectual disability, cognitive disorder, life adversity, language fluency, or poor educational history.
Is specified with=
with impairments with reading or maths, or written expression.

Question 7

Specifier- impairment in reading is also known as

Answer 7

dyslexia

Question 8

Specifier- impairment in math is also known as

Answer 8

dyscalculia

Question 9

Specifier- impairment in writing is also known as

Answer 9

dysgraphia

Question 10

Majority SLD is impairment with…

Answer 10

dyslexia

Question 11

Genetic factors

Answer 11

prenatal and perinatal complications, low birth weight, gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities

Question 12

Biological factor

Answer 12

Perceptual system, perceptual-motor functioning
Neurological organization, oculomotor functioning
Visual perception, attention, memory,
Phonological awareness

Question 13

Treatment

Answer 13

Individualize educational program IEP in schools
Mandated programs= Assessment, intervention, prevention

Question 14

Interventions

Answer 14

at school= school home-notes, performance feedback, self-management, peer tutoring, cooperative learning

Question 15

Prevention

Answer 15

Focus on prevention of reading impairments
Focus on early education- phonological awareness
-challenge- lack of sustained preventative efforts

Question 16

Risk factors

Answer 16

prenatal and perinatal complications
temperament
self-regulated capabilities
emotional/behavioral problems

Question 17

Protective factors

Answer 17

Attributing academics to own work/effort
High intellectual functioning and strong language skills
Familiar factors

Question 18

Dimensional manner

Answer 18

it is important to acknowledge that lots of children have problems in learning at different times in their academic endeavors.
Rather than focusing on specific learning disorders, it may be more meaningful to explore learning problems and difficulties that are associated with learning problems. For example, assessing functional skills (such as orientation, attention, basic sensory functions, modality‐specific learning, cross‐modal sensory integration, higher level linguistic and phonological skills, and higher order cognitive abilities) and using criterion‐referenced tests (where the child’s actual abilities are compared with where their abilities should be) may be more appropriate than assessing specific academic areas

Question 19

To diagnose a specific learning disorder, other characteristics such as____ must be ruled out first

Answer 19

normal variations in academic attainment, lack of educational opportunity, poor teaching methods, and cultural factors