Specific Immune Response

Question 1

Why is the specific immune response used

Answer 1

When pathogens have no been engulfed by phagocytes and so the pathogen is present in the blood and will enter body cells

Question 2

How a lymphocytes specialised

Answer 2

• They have specialised protein receptors molecules on their surface which is complementary to the shape of one specific antigen

Question 3

Where to B cell orginates and mature

Answer 3

Bone marrow

Question 4

Were to T cell orginate an mature

Answer 4

Originate = bone marrow
Mature = thymas gland

Question 5

Decribe clonal selection

Answer 5

A lymphocyte with complementary protein receptors to the pathogens antigen is selected when the antigen bind to those protein receptors of the lymphocyte. The selected lymphocyte are then stimulated to divide by mitosis

Question 6

What happens after B and T cells cloned

Answer 6

They differentite into cells with specific functions

Question 7

What is the T cell response

Answer 7

Cell mediated immunity

Question 8

What do T cells respond to

Answer 8

To an organims own cellls that have been infected by a pathogen

Question 9

Stages of cell mediated immunity

Answer 9

1. Phagocyte’s that have engulfed some of the pathogens place some of the pathogens antigens on the their cell surface = antigen presentation
2. The helper T cells have specific receptors for the antigen when they come into contact with antigen presenting cells the receptor of the TH cells bind with the anitgen
3. This selection activates and stimulates selected T cells to divide rapildly by mitosis
4. Cloned TH cells differentiate

Question 10

What at T helper cells

Answer 10

T lymphocytes

Question 11

What do cloned T cells differenate into

Answer 11

• form T memory cells
• stimulte phagoctosis
• stimulate B cells to divide and produce antibodies
• activate cytotoxic T cells

Question 12

How to cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells

Answer 12

By producing a protein called perforim that makes hole in the cell surface membrane. The holes make the membrane permeable which allow water to enter and exit cell freely causing the cell to die

Question 13

What do memory cells do

Answer 13

They circulate in the blood and tissue fluid ready to respond to a future infection by the same pathogen

Question 14

What is the B cell response

Answer 14

Humoral immunity

Question 15

How to B cells respond to infection

Answer 15

By producing antibodies

Question 16

Stages of humoral immunity

Answer 16

1. An antigen on pathogen enters the blood
2. Their will be 1 B cell that has an antibody on its surfce whose shape will fit the antigen
3. The specific B cells take in these antigens by endocytosis and present them on the surface of the cell
4. Specific T helper cells attach and stimulate this B cell to divide by mitosis to form a clones of B cells by releasing cytokines
5. Cloned B cells differentiate

Question 17

What d B cells differentiate into

Answer 17

• Plasma cell

- B memory cells

Question 18

How do plasma cells respond to infection

Answer 18

Produce and secret antibodies specific to the antien ino the blood plasma.

Question 19

What are cytokines

Answer 19

Small proteins