Specific Immune Response Flashcards
Why is the specific immune response used
When pathogens have no been engulfed by phagocytes and so the pathogen is present in the blood and will enter body cells
How a lymphocytes specialised
- They have specialised protein receptors molecules on their surface which is complementary to the shape of one specific antigen
Where to B cell orginates and mature
Bone marrow
Were to T cell orginate an mature
Originate = bone marrow Mature = thymas gland
Decribe clonal selection
A lymphocyte with complementary protein receptors to the pathogens antigen is selected when the antigen bind to those protein receptors of the lymphocyte. The selected lymphocyte are then stimulated to divide by mitosis
What happens after B and T cells cloned
They differentite into cells with specific functions
What is the T cell response
Cell mediated immunity
What do T cells respond to
To an organims own cellls that have been infected by a pathogen
Stages of cell mediated immunity
- Phagocyte’s that have engulfed some of the pathogens place some of the pathogens antigens on the their cell surface = antigen presentation
- The helper T cells have specific receptors for the antigen when they come into contact with antigen presenting cells the receptor of the TH cells bind with the anitgen
- This selection activates and stimulates selected T cells to divide rapildly by mitosis
- Cloned TH cells differentiate
What at T helper cells
T lymphocytes
What do cloned T cells differenate into
- form T memory cells
- stimulte phagoctosis
- stimulate B cells to divide and produce antibodies
- activate cytotoxic T cells
How to cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells
By producing a protein called perforim that makes hole in the cell surface membrane. The holes make the membrane permeable which allow water to enter and exit cell freely causing the cell to die
What do memory cells do
They circulate in the blood and tissue fluid ready to respond to a future infection by the same pathogen
What is the B cell response
Humoral immunity
How to B cells respond to infection
By producing antibodies
Stages of humoral immunity
- An antigen on pathogen enters the blood
- Their will be 1 B cell that has an antibody on its surfce whose shape will fit the antigen
- The specific B cells take in these antigens by endocytosis and present them on the surface of the cell
- Specific T helper cells attach and stimulate this B cell to divide by mitosis to form a clones of B cells by releasing cytokines
- Cloned B cells differentiate
What d B cells differentiate into
- Plasma cell
- B memory cells
How do plasma cells respond to infection
Produce and secret antibodies specific to the antien ino the blood plasma.
What are cytokines
Small proteins
