Monoclonal Antibodies

Question 1

What are monoclonal antobodies made up of

Answer 1

Single clone of a B cell

Question 2

Describe polyclonal antiodies

Answer 2

When a pathogen invades it has many antigens on its surface this means many antibodies are produced these antibodes are kown as polyclonal antibodies

Question 3

Why is it useful that many antibodies are produced

Answer 3

It’s useful as it produces specific antibodies ideally monoclonal antibodies which are used to treat dieses

Question 4

Descibe direct monoclonal antibodies

Answer 4

1. Monoclonal antibodies produced that is specific to an antigen
2. Atibodies are given to the patient and attac to recpetor of the eg cancer cells surface
3. Attachment block chemical signals that stimulate uncontrolled cell growth
4. Antibody attachment to antigen also used to attract a cell called natural killer cells to cancer cells

Question 5

Decribe indirect antibody therapy

Answer 5

1. Enables targeting of medication
2. Monoclonal antibodies are produced specific to an antigen
3. A radioactive or cytotoxic drug is attached to the antibody and is administered to a patient
4. Targets cancer cells whilst limiting damage to normal cells

Question 6

2 uses of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 6

Medical diagnosis and targeting medication

Question 7

What can monoclonal antibodies diagnosis

Answer 7

• influenza
• hepatitas
• chlymydia
• cancers

Question 8

What does elisa test stand for

Answer 8

Enzymes linked immunosorbant assay

Question 9

What is an elisa test used for

Answer 9

Detect the presence of antigens or antibodies in a test sample

Question 10

Describe the elisa test

Answer 10

1. Test sample antigns attach to a well in a test dish
2. Unattached antigens washed off
3. Antibody specific to antigen is added
4. Excess antigens washed off
5. A second antibody has an enzyme attached bind o the first antibody
6. Ecess antibody washed off
7. Colourless substrate is added to the enzyme
8. Enzyme acts on the substrate to form a coloured product

Question 11

What does the color intensity mean

Answer 11

The amount of antigen present

Question 12

Why are excess antibodies and antigens washed off

Answer 12

Avoids false positives

Question 13

Ethics of monoclonal antiodies

Answer 13

• use of animals
• using healthy dangers
• use of treatment
• successfully used to treat diabetes and cancers