HIV Flashcards
What does HIV stand for
Human iummuodeficiency virus
How is HIV transmitted
- unprotected sex
- infected needles
- HIV positive mothers to children during pregnancy and breast feeding
Where is HIV found
In some body fluids: semen and breast milk
What is the emergency treament for HIV
Post exposure prophylaxis - 72h may stop a person getting infected
What does AIDS stand for
Acquired immune deficency syndrome
How does HIV cause symptoms of AIDS
- HIV directly attacks T helper cells
- HIV die after releasing replicate virus casuing T helper cells to die
- number of T helper cels decrease
Wht does low levels of T helper cells means
- immune response not stimulated such as B cells, Cytotoxic T cells, phagocytosis not being stimulated
- means the infected person will experience a significant number of infections and other life threating illnesses which kills them
How do you test for HIV
- Detect the presence if HIV antigens or antibodes to HIV or detct the gentic materil of HIV in the sample
- elisa test
After being infected wth HIV how long till HIV antibodies appear in the bloof
2 weeks to 6 months
How big is the HIV virsus
O.1nanometers
Name all the parts of the HIV virus
- attachment glycoprotein
- transmemebrne glycoprotein
- lipid membrane
- matrix
- capsid
- enzymes
- Gentic material
What is the genetic material of HIV made out off
RNA
Whta is the capsid made out of
The protein p24
What enzymes are found in HIV
- reverse transcriptase
- intergrase
- proteases
What type of virus is HIV
Retro virus
Why is HIV a retro virus
- has RNA rather than DNA
- uses reverse transcription which makes DNA and RNA
Decribe he life cycle of HIV in T helper cells
Fuse = attachmen glycoproetins on HIV sticks to CD4 which allows HIV to fuse with cell membrane of T helper cell
- Release = contents of HIV capsid (RNA and enzymes )released into T helper cells
- Reverse transcription = HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase copies HIV RNA into single DNA then double stranded DNA
- Intergrase = inserts HIV DNA into Th cells DNA
- Expression = genes in HIV DNA expressed in TH cells
- Infect = new HIV particle now ready to onfect other cells
Why antibiotics ineffective Against AIDS
