Non Specific Mechanisms Flashcards
1
Q
2 types of non-specific mechanisms
A
- physicla barrier
- phagocytosis
2
Q
5 natural barriers
A
- Skin
- mucous memebrane
- HCI in stomach
- tears
- wax in ears
3
Q
Why type of defence are physcla barrier’s
A
Primary defence
4
Q
How does skin stop the pathogen entering the body
A
- outer layer contain kertain
- which is a tough barrier
5
Q
How does mucas memebae act as a barrier
A
Goblet cells produce sticky membrane = traps pathogen
6
Q
How does HCI in te stomach at as physical barrier
A
-denaturates proteins of the enzymes of pathogen and kills them
7
Q
How do tears act as a barrier
A
- contains lyzome
- hydrolyse peptidglycal in bacterial cell walls
8
Q
How does wax in ear canals act as a barrier
A
Traps pathogens
9
Q
When is phagoctosis used
A
When physical barriers are breached by pathogens
10
Q
What happens before phagocytosis takes place
A
- pathogens release chemial alarm signals
- cause inflammoraty response
- this causes many phagoctic white bood cells move to the area
- causes phagocytosis to take place
11
Q
Stages of phagocytosis
A
- Chemiclas released by the pathogen attracts the phagocytes to site of the injury
- The phagocytes attaches to the receptor molecules on the surface of the pathogen
- Pathogen is engulfed by a phagocyte in a phagosome (vesicle)
- Phagocytes lysosomes fuse with phagosome
- Lsozymes released from lysomes which destroys the pathogen
- Soluble products are absorbed into the phagocyte or released from the cell via excocytosis
- Antigen presentation = some antigen from the pathogn placed on the surface of the phagocyte
12
Q
What is the inflammation response
A
- chemicals released by the pathogen causeing dilation of blood vessles which increases blood flow to the area = warm and red
- increase permeability of capillaries in the are casue fuid to leak out of blood = swelling
13
Q
Describe hoe antigen presentation happens
A
- Phagosomes fuse with lysosome
- pathogen destroyed by lysozyme
- antigen displayed o cell membrane
