Species Specific

Question 1

fatality

Answer 1

0.17% dogs
0.24% cats
1.39% rabbits

0.9% horses

60% are during recovery

Question 2

horses - risk

Answer 2

duration associated with increased risk
size and general horse chaos
better outcomes with experience
improved outcomes with cardiopulmonary depression

major causes of fatality - cardiac arrest, fracture, myopathy, respiratory, post op haemorrhage

Question 3

ruminants

Answer 3

withdrawal times
standing surgery most common
tail vein IV
care about regurgitation when intubated

Question 4

pigs

Answer 4

IV or mask induction
malignant hypothermia - rapidly fatal - treat with dantrolene
difficult to intubate

Question 5

horses - field anaesthesia

Answer 5

minor procedures

check field
padded head collar
make sure enough peopel
position after induction
don’t leave until horse stood up

usually smoother recovery than in hospital

Question 6

horses - hospital

Answer 6

more major procedures

can intubate
dorsal recumbency
more monitoring capability

Question 7

horse pre med

Answer 7

usually ACP IM
Xylazine IV

GGE - muscle relaxant

triple drip - ketamine, Xylazine, GGE

Question 8

horse - problems during anaesthesia

Answer 8

low oxygen pressure
high CO2
bradycardia or tachycardia
apnoea or tachypnoea
pain
movement
poor recovery

Question 9

rabbits

Answer 9

high fatality compared to other species
difficult to intubate - obligate nasal breather, need to disengage soft palate from epiglottis (raise head), also big fleshy tongue
difficult to handle
less familiar with how they work
subclinical disease common
prone to hypothermia

Question 10

rabbits - minimising risk

Answer 10

thorough admission exam
pre-oxygenate
alfaxan - licensed in rabbits
GI support - early feeding after waking up to reduce gut stasis, use prokinetic medications
antagonise alpha 2s unless more concerned about pain