Species Interactions Flashcards
What is the fundamental niche?
The abiotic conditions and organism can survive and inhabit.
What is the realized niche?
The biotic conditions that an organism can survive and inhabit.
What is symbiosis?
An interaction between two species living in close association with eachother (not always +)
Usually in or one anothers’ bodies
What is competition?
Negative effect on both species
When individuals require the same shared limiting resource
What is amensalism?
Negative effect on one species and no effect on the other species
What is predation/parasitism?
Positive effect on one species and negative effect on another species
What does it mean if two species have no effect on each other?
There is no interaction between them
What is commensalism/facilitation?
Positive effect for one species and no effect for the other species
What is mutualism?
Postitive effect for both species in the relationship
What is the Louta-Volterra Model based on?
Exponential growth equation
What is the LV Model equation for prey?
dV/dt = rV - pVP
What is the LV Model equation for predator?
dP/dt = cpVP - dpP
What drives predator and prey oscillations?
The size of each population drives change in the other
Prey increase, predator increase, prey decrease, predator decrease
REMEMBER slight lag between the interactions
What is intraspecific competition?
Competition for resources between members of the same species
What is interspecific competition?
Competition for resources between members of different species
What are the results of competition?
Limited growth, reproduction, and/or survival for both competitors
What is the competitive exclusion principle?
When two species competing for the same limiting resource can’t coexist
Eventually the stronger will drive the weaker extinct
What is resource partitioning?
When species share limiting resources by using them in different ways, allowing them to coexist
What is character displacement?
When species competing for the same limiting resource diverge in morphology due to natural selection
What is facultative mutualism?
The partners don’t have to participate (optional)
Can survive without the other
What is obligative mutualism?
The partners must participate in the partnership
Can’t survive or complete their life cycle without the other
What are conditional interactions?
Relationships that may change if environment changes (nutrients in the soil and elevation)
EX: rhizobium and legumes
What is primary succession?
No soil, just rocks
Glaciation, dunes, or lava flow
What is secondary succession?
Just soil
Fire
