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Forensic Biology I > Species Identification (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Species Identification (Exam 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What 5 tests can be used for species identification?

A

1) ID of RBC morphology
2) Precipitin ring test
3) Immuno-diffusion w/ specific antigens & antibodies
4) Immunoelectrophoresis
5) ABA card hematrace

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2
Q

Define micrometry.

A

Measurement of RBCs as precisely as possible in smears made from fresh blood as well as reconstituted stains

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3
Q

What does a species specificity test determine?

A

If a blood sample is human or animal

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4
Q

What is the difference between mammal and nonmammal RBCs?

A

Mammalian RBCs are not nucleated

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5
Q

In which 4 nonmammal groups will you find nucleated RBCs?

A

1) Birds
2) Reptiles
3) Amphibians
4) Fish

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6
Q

Aside from meaning “red blood cell,” RBC can also mean…

A

Red blood corpuscle

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7
Q

The precipitin ring test relies on the formation of a band between these 2 proteins.

A

Antigens & antibodies

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of immunodiffusion?

A

Single & double

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9
Q

Which 2 people described the double immunodiffusion process (HINT: the former is English and the latter is Swedish)?

A

Elek & Orjan Ouchterlony

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10
Q

In single immunodiffusion, the material that diffuses is the…

A

Antigen

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11
Q

In double immunodiffusion, the two materials that diffuse are the…

A

Antigen & antibody

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12
Q

In the beginning of single immunodiffusion, Bechold (1905) allowed { } to be diffused into a gelatin medium.

A

Goat anti/serum

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13
Q

How do you make a 1% agarose solution?

A

1g agarose : 100mL buffer

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14
Q

What does the presence of a band indicate in the precipitin ring test in terms of results?

A

Positive

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15
Q

Who began using agar gel plates for double immunodiffusion?

A

Orjan Ouchterlony

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16
Q

What was the name for Ouchterlony’s book describing the process of agar gel immunodiffusion?

A

Handbook of Immunodiffusion & Immunoelectrophoresis

17
Q

What does the term “double” refer to in Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion?

A

The stain extract (antigen) and the antiserum placed in adjacent agarose wells

18
Q

How is the identity of two proteins indicated by an Ouchterlony plate?

A

A precipitin fusion band between the 2 proteins

19
Q

What does spur formation indicate in Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion?

A

Non- or partial identity

20
Q

Who makes the ABAcard Hematrace cards?

A

Abacus Diagnostics

21
Q

Aside from humans, what two species react with the hematrace test device?

A

Ferrets & primates

22
Q

What is the cause of the high dose hook effect?

A

High concentrations of human hb

23
Q

What is the effect of the high dose hook effect?

A

Weakened reaction in the hematrace test and, therefore, no pink color formation

24
Q

How much of a sample do you need for the hematrace cards?

A

Just a trace amount

25
Q

What are the 3 types of species specificity tests that are based on antigen-antibody reactions?

A

1) Precipitin ring
2) Double immunodiffusion
3) ABA hematrace

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action behind the high dose hook effect?

A

Free hb migrates to the test area and blocks the binding of Ab/Ag complex to the immobilized antibody

27
Q

What are the 3 components of a hematrace card?

A

1) Positive control
2) Negative control (TEST)
3) Sample

28
Q

What kind of antibody will you find in the positive control of an ABA card?

A

Immobilized immunoglobin

29
Q

What kind of antibody will you find in the negative control (TEST portion) of an ABA card?

A

Immobilized human hemoglobin

30
Q

What kind of antibody will you find in the sample portion of an ABA card?

A

Mobile human hemoglobin

31
Q

Two bands present on an ABA card indicate…

A

Positive result

32
Q

One band present, which is in the positive control, of an ABA card indicates…

A

Negative result

33
Q

No band in either the positive or negative control of an ABA card indicates…

A

Invalid result

34
Q

Why does ferret hemoglobin show up as a false positive on an ABA card?

A

Ferret hb contains an amino acid sequence that is homologous to the sequence found in human hb

Forensic Biology I (16 decks)

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