Species Diversity in Communities

Question 1

Ecological Filters in community assembly

Answer 1

1. Dispersal or immigration
2. Abiotic Factors
3. Species interactions

Question 2

Species able to persist indefinitely together are deemed to

Answer 2

Coexist

Question 3

Fundamental evidence for species coexistence regardless of the mechanism

Answer 3

Invasibility criterion: States that each species must be able to increase when they are rare and others are at their typical abundance

Question 4

T/F Co-occurrence != coexistence

Answer 4

True, in co-occurrence, the co-occurring species is still either slowly being driven extinct or maintained in a local area by dispersal

Question 5

Offer explanations for differences in diversity between two sites

Answer 5

Species-packing mechanisms that illustrate “resource-partitioning” or “niche-differentiation”

Question 6

Can foster coexistence through varying conditions through time

Answer 6

Temporal Variability

Question 7

Models in which stable coexistence results from environmental fluctuation; species are distinguished by when they are most actively using the resources and not the resources themselves

Answer 7

Temporal niches

Question 8

Disturbance can foster coexistence, however, at different levels of disturbance (low, intermediate, high), what happens?

Answer 8

Low = Competitive exclusion reduces diversity
Int = Balance between competition and mortality leads to higher diversity
High = Mortality increase decreases diversity

Question 9

In the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, how can variable conditions foster coexistence?

Answer 9

Under constant conditions, species 1(dominant competitor) outcompetes species 2 when it reaches its own carrying capacity

In variable conditions, species 1 won’t be able to reach carrying capacity because of disturbance → species 2 not outcompeted = coexistence

Question 10

States that Enemies can foster coexistence

Answer 10

Keystone predation

Question 11

Model showing that the Probability of seed survival increases where predation is minimal

Answer 11

Janzen-Connell Model

Question 12

Model that discusses:
● The role of chance in maintaining species diversity (especially in unpredictable environments) has intuitive appeal
● As long as species win the lottery every once in a while, they’ll continue to reproduce (buy more tickets for said lottery)
● Each species occupies vacant sites randomly without regard to previous occupant

Answer 12

Long-Term Co-occurrence - Lottery and Neutral Models

Question 13

For Diversity-Ecosystem Function Relationships, check the ppt na lang

Answer 13

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