Mutualism and Commensalism Flashcards
Collective Term for Mutualism and Commensalism
Facilitation
T/F Mutualistic interactions are conflict-free
False, its reciprocal exploitation where each partner is a net beneficiary
Formerly called protocooperation, it is a form of mutualism that is not optional. In other words, one cannot survive without the other
Obligate Mutualism
Form of mutualism that is optional, one can survive without the other
Facultative mutualism
One partner receives an ecological service from the other
Service mutualism
One partner obtains shelter, a place to live, or favorable habitat from the other
Habitat Mutualsims
One partner receives energy or nutrients form its partner
Trophic mutualisms
T/F Mutualism = Altruism
False, Each mutualistic partner seeks to gain benefit from its host, altruism involves “selfless” giving to the partner
How is cooperation maintained in mutualism relations?
Control is bidirectional and partners offering the best weight of exchange are rewarded
T/F Mutualisms can evolve from other types of species interactions
True, ex. are some fungal infections that when they infect plants, make the plants immune to other unrelated fungi
T/F Species interactions can vary geographically, temporally, or in other context-dependent ways
True, E.g. cattail facilitated small-flowered forget-me not at low soil temp (possible owing to soil aeration); however, cattail competed with small-flowered forget me-not at high soil temp.
Defined what coevolution is: the reciprocal adaptive evolution in each of two interacting species in response to adaptations in the other species
Daniel H. Janzen
T/F Positive interactions can influence individuals, populations, interactions between species, communities, and ecosystems.
True.
- Zooxanthellae live within coral tissues and receive nutrients (especially N) from corals
- Corals receive organic compounds (from photosynthesis) by releasing signal compounds affecting cell membrane permeability
- Corals control the growth of the algae to 1/10 to 1/100 of what it could be by inducing unbalanced growth:
a. Control algal growth by controlling organic matter secretions
b. Algae produce much more carbon, which they pass on to the coral
- Algae absorb ammonia
Two parties benefit each other without coming into contact with each other
Indirect Mutualisms; Enemy of my enemy is my friend or Friend of my friend may also be my friend
Mutualism persists when there are?
More successful than unsuccessful mutualists
