Biogeography

Question 1

Product of analytical clustering of phylogenetic turnover of assemblages of species, including abt 21k species of amphibians, non-pelagic birds, and non-marine mammals worldwide

Answer 1

Terrestrial Zoogeographic Regions

Question 2

Diversity gradients are a way to visualize species abundance in a zoogeographic region. How do you interpret them and what is the usual trend?

Answer 2

Brighter regions - higher number of species
Higher biodiversity occurs where bands of wet and warm conditions occur (equator)

Question 3

The study of variation in species composition and diversity among geographic locations

Answer 3

Biogeography

Question 4

Species that occur nowhere else on earth

Answer 4

Endemic Species

Question 5

Father of phytogeography, studied plant assemblage associated with local climate

Answer 5

Alexander von Humboldt

Question 6

Processes that determine community assemblage

Answer 6

Drift, Selection, Speciation, Dispersal

Question 7

Diversity of entire landscape

Answer 7

Gamma diversity

Question 8

Ratio between alpha and gamma diversities reflecting species turnover

Answer 8

Beta diversity

Question 9

In the Indirect Assessment of Local vs. Regional Influences, a graph of Local (y-axis) vs Regional (x-axis) richness is used. If the slope of the line = 1, what does it mean?

Answer 9

All species in the region will be found in the communities of that region

Question 10

In the Indirect Assessment of Local vs. Regional Influences, a graph of Local (y-axis) vs Regional (x-axis) richness is used. If the slope of the line < 1, what does it mean?

Answer 10

Regional processes dominate over local process; Local richness values are less than regional richness

Question 11

In the Indirect Assessment of Local vs. Regional Influences, a graph of Local (y-axis) vs Regional (x-axis) richness is used. If the line curves or levels with slope < < 1, what does it mean?

Answer 11

Local processes limit local richness; Local Richness same, regional richness increases

Question 12

Area with high endemism levels but also high levels of threatened species and habitat loss

Answer 12

Biodiversity hotspot

Question 13

Separates landmasses and the oceans, as well as brings them together

Answer 13

Continental Drift

Question 14

Mechanism for Continental Drift

Answer 14

Plate Tectonics

Question 15

Main types of boundaries between plates in plate tectonics

Answer 15

1. Mid-ocean ridge
2. Subduction Zone
3. Faults

Question 16

Continuous geographic range rendered discontinuous by the emergence of a barrier

Answer 16

Vicariance

Question 17

Explanations for Origins of Regional Diversity Gradients

Answer 17

1. Area - Tropics have larger land area
2. Isolation - Due to more islands in tropics
3. Evolutionary History (e.g., Time, Stability)
4. Productivity - Means higher carrying capacity = more interactions = more speciation

Question 18

This is equal to the Speciation rate - Extinction Rate

Answer 18

Diversification Rate

Question 19

Emphasized the balance between species immigration rates and species extinction rates for islands at different sizes and different distances from a source of colonizing species.

Answer 19

Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography

Question 20

Island setups from least to greatest no of species present

Answer 20

1. Small and Far
2. Large and Far
3. Small and Near
4. Large and Near
   Isipin lang yung carrying capacity and rate/ease of migration