Biogeography Flashcards
Product of analytical clustering of phylogenetic turnover of assemblages of species, including abt 21k species of amphibians, non-pelagic birds, and non-marine mammals worldwide
Terrestrial Zoogeographic Regions
Diversity gradients are a way to visualize species abundance in a zoogeographic region. How do you interpret them and what is the usual trend?
Brighter regions - higher number of species
Higher biodiversity occurs where bands of wet and warm conditions occur (equator)
The study of variation in species composition and diversity among geographic locations
Biogeography
Species that occur nowhere else on earth
Endemic Species
Father of phytogeography, studied plant assemblage associated with local climate
Alexander von Humboldt
Processes that determine community assemblage
Drift, Selection, Speciation, Dispersal
Diversity of entire landscape
Gamma diversity
Ratio between alpha and gamma diversities reflecting species turnover
Beta diversity
In the Indirect Assessment of Local vs. Regional Influences, a graph of Local (y-axis) vs Regional (x-axis) richness is used. If the slope of the line = 1, what does it mean?
All species in the region will be found in the communities of that region
In the Indirect Assessment of Local vs. Regional Influences, a graph of Local (y-axis) vs Regional (x-axis) richness is used. If the slope of the line < 1, what does it mean?
Regional processes dominate over local process; Local richness values are less than regional richness
In the Indirect Assessment of Local vs. Regional Influences, a graph of Local (y-axis) vs Regional (x-axis) richness is used. If the line curves or levels with slope < < 1, what does it mean?
Local processes limit local richness; Local Richness same, regional richness increases
Area with high endemism levels but also high levels of threatened species and habitat loss
Biodiversity hotspot
Separates landmasses and the oceans, as well as brings them together
Continental Drift
Mechanism for Continental Drift
Plate Tectonics
Main types of boundaries between plates in plate tectonics
- Mid-ocean ridge
- Subduction Zone
- Faults
Continuous geographic range rendered discontinuous by the emergence of a barrier
Vicariance
Explanations for Origins of Regional Diversity Gradients
- Area - Tropics have larger land area
- Isolation - Due to more islands in tropics
- Evolutionary History (e.g., Time, Stability)
- Productivity - Means higher carrying capacity = more interactions = more speciation
This is equal to the Speciation rate - Extinction Rate
Diversification Rate
Emphasized the balance between species immigration rates and species extinction rates for islands at different sizes and different distances from a source of colonizing species.
Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography
Island setups from least to greatest no of species present
- Small and Far
- Large and Far
- Small and Near
- Large and Near
Isipin lang yung carrying capacity and rate/ease of migration
