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Bio 103 > Species and Life > Flashcards

Species and Life Flashcards

1
Q

species

A

general term used for each different type of organism

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2
Q

morphology

A

shape and structure

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3
Q

From the morphological standpoint, what is a species?

A

group that share distinctive anatomical characteristics

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4
Q

From the biological species concept, what is a species?

A

group capable of interbreeding and producing fertile young

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5
Q

phylogeny

A

evolutionary history of organism

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6
Q

From the phylogenetic species concept, what is a species?

A

smallest group of organism with similar features that come from a common ancestor

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7
Q

classification

A

process of sorting things based on similarities and differences

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8
Q

taxonomy

A

science of classification and naming organisms

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9
Q

Name the taxonomic hierarchy

A

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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10
Q

What is the two names system?

A

scientific name- genus and species with genus name capitalied

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11
Q

what are the two different classification systems for taxonomy?

A

artificial- appearance

natural- based on evolutionary history

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12
Q

What is it with domains?

A

new concept, compares sequences in ribosome RNA

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13
Q

What are the three domains?

A

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

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14
Q

Which are archaea closely related to?

A

bacteria

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15
Q

Which domains are the most abundant?

A

mass and number- bacteria and archaea

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16
Q

What are the four kingdoms?

A

protista, plantae, fungi, animalia

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17
Q

Where are bacteria and archaea?

A

everywhere

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18
Q

What is a bacterial spore?

A

resting stage of bacteria, allows survival in harsh conditions for some

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19
Q

Who coined the term binomial?

A

Linnaeus

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20
Q

What is the theory of enosymbiois?

A

origin of eukaryotic cells, developed from organelles, evidence: have DNA, chromosomes are circular like prokarytoes, cell division is by fission like prokarytoes

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21
Q

How many bats are there?

A

1100 bats= 1/5 of all mammals, diviersity 20%

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22
Q

What is ecology?

A

study of interaction of individuals of same species

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23
Q

community

A

interaction of multiple species

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24
Q

ecosystem

A

interaction of living and non-living components

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25
Q

biosphere

A

interactions (human, global, weather, etc)

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26
Q

density

A

number of individuals of species in area

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27
Q

biotic potential

A

maximal rate of growth of species in ideal conditions

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28
Q

carrying capacity (k)

A

maximum number of individuals that environment can support over time without lasting damage to environment

29
Q

density-dependent factors

A

factors that affect populations in proportion to density, this is become more forceful with increasing density

30
Q

competition

A

use of limited resource by individual reduces availability to others

31
Q

disease

A

spreading of contagious diseases works in this fashion (control population growth)

32
Q

pollution

A

undesirable change that harmfully affects organisms

33
Q

predation

A

feeding by organisms on others

34
Q

density-independent factors

A

factors affecting population growth not dependent on number of individuals

35
Q

What is a k-selected species?

A

species with stable population, efficient resource use, long lives, fewer offspring, parental care, slow reproductive rate

36
Q

What is a r-selected species?

A

adapted for rapid reproduction and high densities, population crash, non efficient, short lives, many offspring, no parental care, quick reproductive rate

37
Q

population age structure

A

graphs showing age distribution

38
Q

What is community ecology?

A

populations of different species that interact as each individual pursues resources to survive and reproduce

39
Q

intraspecific

A

same species (population ecology)

40
Q

interspecific

A

different species (community ecology)

41
Q

Name the six categories of interaction

A

mutualism, commensalism, neutralism, competition, predation, parasitism

42
Q

mutualism

A

++, both species benefit from association

43
Q

commensalism

A

+/0 one species benefits, other is neither harmed or benefits

44
Q

neutralism

A

0/0, each species doe snot affect each other, don’t really interact

45
Q

competition

A

-/- use of same resources, interaction is negative for both population

46
Q

predation

A

+/-, one kill sanothers

47
Q

parasitism

A

+/- one species lives on but doesn’t kill its host

48
Q

niche

A

habitat, plus all abiotic and biotic resources required for survival (theoretical idea)

49
Q

competitive exclusion

A

one species eliminates another

50
Q

niche partitioning

A

species coexist if use of same resources in different ways

51
Q

keystone species

A

species that disproportionately modifies environment and enriches it for others

52
Q

Which is the most closely related living hominid?

A

chimpanzee

53
Q

ecosystem

A

all living organisms in a community plus the non-living physical environment

54
Q

Food chain

A

linear series of food and feeders

55
Q

food web

A

complex interactions of many food chains

56
Q

trophic level

A

position of species in food chain

57
Q

producers

A

autotrohps, make food

58
Q

consumers

A

heterotroph, eat others for food

59
Q

primary consumer

A

herbivores

60
Q

secondary consumer

A

eat herbivores

61
Q

tertiary consumer

A

eat second level consumer, top carnivores

62
Q

omnivore

A

consume plants and animals

63
Q

detrivores

A

break down dead organic materials

64
Q

decomposer

A

special type of detrivore, return organic matter into inorganic compounds

65
Q

reservoir

A

storage of materials

66
Q

What do soil bacteria do?

A

convert N2 in air for plants, “nitrogen fixing” bacteria in roots

67
Q

What global factors affect climate?

A

earth is round, axis is tilted, energy varies from sun

68
Q

What are the two groups of biomes?

A

terrestrial and aquatic

69
Q

biological magnification

A

toxic substances get concentrated and more deadly as it moves up the food chain

Bio 103 (4 decks)

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