Levels of Organization Flashcards
What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest?
Subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, multi-cellular organisms, population, communities, ecosystems, biosphere
(Some apples make organic concoctions that offend on man -who- probably calls everything basic.)
What makes molecules organic?
They contain C-H bonds
What makes molecules INorganic?
They do not contain a C-H bond
A hypothesis must be what two things?
testable and falsifiable
What is a theory?
Explanation strongly supported by large body of research over many years.
What is the main component of cell membranes?
Phospholipids
What are the first two levels of proteins?
Primary (sequence) and secondary (folding by H bonds)
What is a prion?
An infectious protein
What sorts of substances might pass freely through a cell membrane?
Non-polar molecules
What direction does diffusion go in?
From high to low concentration.
Why are cells so small?
It is much easier to get stuff in and out of the cell.
What is biology?
The study of life.
How is the natural world constructed?
So that each level is a building block of next more complicated level.
What is CHNOPS?
The six most prominent elements: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
How are molecules formed?
The bonding of atoms by chemical bonds.
What is a chemical bond?
The forces that hold different atoms together.
What is an ionic bond?
Electric forces attract and hold ions together.
What is a covalent bond?
Atoms share outer shell of electrons.
What are the 4 types of molecules?
Proteins, nucleic acid, lipids, carbohydrates.
How many types of proteins are there?
20
What makes a protein essential?
Our bodies do not make it, we must consume it.
What is an amino acid?
The building blocks of proteins.
What is science?
A process to acquire knowledge.
What are the properties of life?
comprised of cells, highly organized and complex, use energy, grow develop reproduce and control internal environment, respond to stimuli, ability to change (pass on genetics), death
What are the three types of nucleic acids?
DNA, RNA, ATP
What are the five properties of water?
It has 3 physical forms, resits temperature change and holds heat energy, molecules stick together, dissolves other compounds (universal solvent), ability to cling to substances
What are hydrogen bonds?
Bonds between molecules with charged regions (AKA: water)
What are saturated fats?
Solids at room temperature, single bonds between carbons
What are unsaturated fats?
Double bonds between some carbons, not saturated with hydrogens, liquid at room temperature
What is a phospholipid?
It has phosphorus, is polar, head is polar but tails are non-polar.
What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What is a prokaryotic cell?
It has no nucleus, simple
What is a eukaryotic cell?
It has a nucleus, more complicated
What is the cytoplasm?
Water, salt, organic substances, including organelles
What is diffusion?
Passive moment of particles requiring no energy
What influences diffusion?
Surface area
What is the nucleus?
Control center, contains DNA
What are ribosomes?
They assemble amino acids into proteins
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
Network of tubes, makes/ processes lipids and carbohydrates
What is the golgi complex?
Stacks of membrane sacs, modifies and sorts products from ER
What are vesicles?
Small sacs, transport and storage
What are lysosomes?
Vesicles with powerful digestive proteins.
