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Bio 103 > Levels of Organization > Flashcards

Levels of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest?

A

Subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, multi-cellular organisms, population, communities, ecosystems, biosphere
(Some apples make organic concoctions that offend on man -who- probably calls everything basic.)

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2
Q

What makes molecules organic?

A

They contain C-H bonds

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3
Q

What makes molecules INorganic?

A

They do not contain a C-H bond

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4
Q

A hypothesis must be what two things?

A

testable and falsifiable

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5
Q

What is a theory?

A

Explanation strongly supported by large body of research over many years.

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6
Q

What is the main component of cell membranes?

A

Phospholipids

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7
Q

What are the first two levels of proteins?

A

Primary (sequence) and secondary (folding by H bonds)

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8
Q

What is a prion?

A

An infectious protein

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9
Q

What sorts of substances might pass freely through a cell membrane?

A

Non-polar molecules

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10
Q

What direction does diffusion go in?

A

From high to low concentration.

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11
Q

Why are cells so small?

A

It is much easier to get stuff in and out of the cell.

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12
Q

What is biology?

A

The study of life.

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13
Q

How is the natural world constructed?

A

So that each level is a building block of next more complicated level.

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14
Q

What is CHNOPS?

A

The six most prominent elements: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

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15
Q

How are molecules formed?

A

The bonding of atoms by chemical bonds.

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16
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

The forces that hold different atoms together.

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17
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Electric forces attract and hold ions together.

18
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Atoms share outer shell of electrons.

19
Q

What are the 4 types of molecules?

A

Proteins, nucleic acid, lipids, carbohydrates.

20
Q

How many types of proteins are there?

A

20

21
Q

What makes a protein essential?

A

Our bodies do not make it, we must consume it.

22
Q

What is an amino acid?

A

The building blocks of proteins.

23
Q

What is science?

A

A process to acquire knowledge.

24
Q

What are the properties of life?

A

comprised of cells, highly organized and complex, use energy, grow develop reproduce and control internal environment, respond to stimuli, ability to change (pass on genetics), death

25
Q

What are the three types of nucleic acids?

A

DNA, RNA, ATP

26
Q

What are the five properties of water?

A

It has 3 physical forms, resits temperature change and holds heat energy, molecules stick together, dissolves other compounds (universal solvent), ability to cling to substances

27
Q

What are hydrogen bonds?

A

Bonds between molecules with charged regions (AKA: water)

28
Q

What are saturated fats?

A

Solids at room temperature, single bonds between carbons

29
Q

What are unsaturated fats?

A

Double bonds between some carbons, not saturated with hydrogens, liquid at room temperature

30
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A

It has phosphorus, is polar, head is polar but tails are non-polar.

31
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

32
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A

It has no nucleus, simple

33
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

It has a nucleus, more complicated

34
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Water, salt, organic substances, including organelles

35
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Passive moment of particles requiring no energy

36
Q

What influences diffusion?

A

Surface area

37
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Control center, contains DNA

38
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

They assemble amino acids into proteins

39
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Network of tubes, makes/ processes lipids and carbohydrates

40
Q

What is the golgi complex?

A

Stacks of membrane sacs, modifies and sorts products from ER

41
Q

What are vesicles?

A

Small sacs, transport and storage

42
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Vesicles with powerful digestive proteins.

Bio 103 (4 decks)

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