speciation and macroevolution

Question 1

speciation

Answer 1

the splitting of one species into two or more species

Question 2

macroevolution

Answer 2

evolution on a larger scale

Question 3

taxonomist

Answer 3

a scientist who classifies organisms into groups

Question 4

morphological species concept

Answer 4

species are distinguished from each other by one or more distinct physical characteristics

Question 5

diagnostic traits

Answer 5

one or more distinct physical characteristics

Question 6

cryptic species

Answer 6

species that look almost identical but are very different in other traits.

Question 7

evolutionary species concept

Answer 7

identification of certain morphological traits to distinguish one species from another

Question 8

biological species concept

Answer 8

reproductive isolation to identify different
species; cannot be tested in nature

Question 9

prezygotic isolating mechanisms

Answer 9

prevent reproductive attempts or make it unlikely that fertilization will be successful if mating occurs

Question 10

habitat isolation

Answer 10

he two species occupy different habitats, even
within the same geographic range, and are not likely to meet and attempt to reproduce

Question 11

temporal isolation

Answer 11

species live in the same locale but reproduce at
different times of the year

Question 12

behavioral isolation

Answer 12

courtship patterns that allow males and females to recognize one another.

Question 13

mechanical isolation

Answer 13

when animal genitalia structures are incompatible and reproduction cannot occur.

Question 14

gamete isolation

Answer 14

when gametes of different species meet they don’t form a zygote

Question 15

postzygotic isolating mechanisms

Answer 15

operate after the formation of a zygote

Question 16

hybrid inviability

Answer 16

a hybrid zygote may die because it is not viable

Question 17

hybrid sterility

Answer 17

The hybrid zygote may develop into a sterile adult

Question 18

allopatric speciation

Answer 18

he eventual result of populations that have
become separated by a geographic or other type of physiological barrier

Question 19

sympatric speciation

Answer 19

Speciation that occurs in the absence of a
geographic barrier

Question 20

adaptive speciation

Answer 20

a type of speciation that occurs when a single
ancestral species rapidly gives rise to a variety of new species as each adapts to a specific environment

Question 21

convergent speciation

Answer 21

occurs when a biological trait evolves in two
unrelated species as a result of exposure to similar environments

Question 22

gradualistic model of evolution

Answer 22

Slow and gradual changes gives rise
to new species

Question 23

punctuated equilibrium model

Answer 23

assembly of species in the fossil record can be can be explained by periods of equilibrium, or stasis, punctuated (interrupted) by periods of rapid speciation