mendelian patterns of inheritance

Question 1

the blending concept of inheritance

Answer 1

When future generations had non blended phenotypes it couldn’t be explained

Question 2

the blending concept of inheritance

Answer 2

Breeders of animals and plants realized that input from the mother and father contributed to
phenotypic variation.

Question 3

gregor mendel

Answer 3

Used an experimental approach; studied easily differentiated characteristics; had no knowledge of DNA or genes but discovered a particulate theory

Question 4

what did mendel’s pea plants have and do?

Answer 4

they had discrete phenotypic traits; showed discrete characteristics, not blended
characteristics, disproving the blending of inheritance

Question 5

true breeding

Answer 5

When the varieties self pollinated they became true breeding, meaning that all the offspring looked like the parents.

Question 6

Mendel’s Law of Segregation

Answer 6

1 – The F1 parents contained two separate copies of each hereditary
factor, one being dominant and one being recessive
* 2- The factors separated when the gametes were formed, and each
gamete carried only one copy of each factor
* 3 – random fusion of all possible gametes occurred upon fertilization

Question 7

alleles

Answer 7

Alternative versions of a gene are called alleles

Question 8

what were mendels traits controlled by and where did they occur?

Answer 8

Mendel’s phenotypic traits were controlled by a single gene, these genes occur on a homologous pair of chromosomes at a particular location, called the gene locus

Question 9

genotype

Answer 9

the alleles an individual receives at fertilization

Question 10

phenotype

Answer 10

the physical appearance of an individual

Question 11

law of independent assortment

Answer 11

Each pair of factors segregates (assorts) independently of the other pairs, all possible combinations of factors can occur in the gametes

Question 12

autosomal dominant

Answer 12

the normal allele (a) is recessive, and an individual with the allele AA or Aa has the
disorder

Question 13

autosomal recessive

Answer 13

the normal allele (A) is dominant, and an individual with the allele aa has the disorder

Question 14

codominance

Answer 14

both traits are fully expressed in heterozygous
individuals

Question 15

incomplete dominance

Answer 15

an intermediate phenotype is found in the
heterozygous individuals

Question 16

incomplete penetrance

Answer 16

When the dominant allele does not always
determine the phenotype

Question 17

epistatic interactions

Answer 17

where one gene overrides the other

Question 18

polygenetic inheritance

Answer 18

when a trait is governed by two or more sets
of alleles

Question 19

multifactoral traits

Answer 19

traits that are controlled by polygenes subject
to environmental influences

Question 20

x linked inheritance

Answer 20

is used for genes that have nothing to do with
sex but are carried on the X chromosome