how populations evolve Flashcards
evolution
the change in allele frequencies in a population over time
microevolution
pertains to evolutionary change within populations
population genetics
is the field of biology that studies the diversity of
populations at the level of the gene
gene pool
the alleles of all genes in all individuals in a population
allele frequency
is the percentage of each allele in a populations
gene pool
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE)
a stable or non evolving state
HWE conditions
No mutation
* No migration
* Large gene pool
* Random mating
* No selection
mutation
change to DNA sequence
gene flow
the movement of alleles between populations
genetic drift
changes in the allele frequency of a gene pool
due to chance events
bottleneck effect
a type of genetic drift in which the loss of
genetic diversity is due to natural disasters, disease, overhunting, overharvesting, or habitat loss
founder effect
genetic variation is lost when a few individuals break away from a large population to found a new population
assortative mating
occurs when individuals choose a mate with a preferred trait
stabalizing selection
occurs when an intermediate phenotype is the most adaptive for the given environmental
conditions
directional selection
occurs when an extreme phenotype is
favored, and the distribution curve shifts toward one of the extremes
