Speciation and evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Why might people oppose evolution

A
  • contrary to teaching of bible
  • religion holds belief of creationism
  • implies man not made in God’s image
  • lack of evidence for evolution
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2
Q

How an organism could evolve into separate species

A
  • interruption of gene flow between specie (no breeding between)
  • sympatry speciation, e.g. changes in breeding times
  • allopatry speciation, e.g. river
  • different conditions either side of barrier
  • different selection pressures, different alleles selected for
  • formation of two different gene pools
  • difference in physical characteristics
  • cannot breed to produce fertile offspring
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3
Q

How might tree species spread

A
  • seed dispersal by wind and animals
  • adaptions of fruits that aid dispersal by wind, e.g. wings, parachute
  • adaptions of animals, e.g. hooks which stick to animals fur
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4
Q

Why do animals share the same scientific name

A
  • same genus, reflects close relationship
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5
Q

Explain how differences in species have arisen

A
  • isolation of populations, e.g. reproductive isolation
  • mutations cannot pass between populations
  • genetic drift
  • different selection pressures
  • different allele frequencies, due to difference effects of local conditions
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6
Q

Why might there be controversy over conservation

A
  • requires coordination between governments
  • governments might have different approaches to conservation, e.g. tourism
  • might have different needs for local populations, different wealth of countries
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7
Q

Why are mules unable to produce offspring

A
  • horse: 2n = 64, donkey: 2n = 62
  • mule: 32 + 31 = 63
  • cannot form gametes
  • chromosome pairing not possible during meiosis
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8
Q

What is meant by the term isolating mechanism

A
  • isolating mechanism prevent interbreeding between specie populations, barrier to reproduction
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9
Q

What is meant by post-zygotic isolating mechanism

A
  • postzygotic mechanisms allow mating/fertilisation

- but prevent production of viable fertile offspring or prevent offspring developing healthly

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10
Q

Species

A
  • species is a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
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11
Q

Explain what is meant by gene mutation

A
  • change in DNA

- change, deletion, addition, duplication, substitution of bases

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12
Q

Explain how allele frequency for a mutation changes as forest develops

A
  • change in allele frequency, mutant frequency increases
  • reproductive success of mutant
  • pass on of mutant allele
  • as forest develops, more shaded, less photosynthesis possible, photosynthetic individuals die
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