Speciation

Question 1

Population genetics

Answer 1

the study of the genetic makeup of populations and how the genetic composition of a population changes

Question 2

Gene pool

Answer 2

total collection of alleles in a population, genetic diversity of a gene pool is critical for survival in populations

Question 3

Evolution

Answer 3

change in allele frequencies in a population over time

Question 4

Genetic drift

Answer 4

random changes in the allele frequencies of a population between generations; genetic drift tends to have more dramatic effects in smaller populations than in larger once (decreases genetic diversity)

Question 5

Gene flow

Answer 5

the movement of alleles from one population to another, which may increase the genetic diversity of a population

Question 6

Founders effect

Answer 6

when a small number of individuals leaves one population and establishes a new one, resulting in lower genetic diversity than the original population

Question 7

Bottleneck

Answer 7

a type of genetic drift, in which a population is suddenly reduced to a small number of individuals and alleles are lost

Question 8

Inbreeding

Answer 8

mating between closely related individuals that does not change allele frequencies within a population

Question 9

Inbreeding depression

Answer 9

the negative reproductive consequences for a population associated with having a high frequency of homozygous individuals possessing recessive cells

Question 10

Species

Answer 10

a group of individuals whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 11

Reproductive isolation

Answer 11

when members of different species cannot mate and produce fertile offspring