Chapter 17

Question 1

Human microbiome

Answer 1

the community of microbes living in or on our bodies

Question 2

Methanogens

Answer 2

creatures that don’t use oxygen to live, in fact oxygen is toxic to them. Also release methane into the atmosphere.

Question 3

Bacteria

Answer 3

one of the two domains of prokaryotic life: the other is Archaea

Question 4

Flagella

Answer 4

in bacteria, long, slender appendages extending from some bacterial cells, used in movement of the cell

Question 5

Pili

Answer 5

short, hairlike appendages extending from the surface of some bacteria that enable them to adhere to surfaces

Question 6

Symbiosis

Answer 6

a relationship in which two different organisms live together interdependently

Question 7

Bioluminiscent

Answer 7

light produced inside the body of a living organism by a chemical reaction

Question 8

Pathogen

Answer 8

a disease- causing agent or organism

Question 9

Prokaryotes

Answer 9

unicellular organism whose cell lacks internal membrane - bound organelles and whose DNA is not contained with a nucleus

Question 10

Extremophiles

Answer 10

archaea found in extreme environment

Question 11

Hyperthermophiles

Answer 11

organisms that can survive only at extremely high temperatures

Question 12

Anaerobic

Answer 12

processes, environments or organisms that do not require oxygen for survival of function

Question 13

Prebiotic

Answer 13

components of food that promote the growth of beneficial microbes

Question 14

Probiotic

Answer 14

living bacteria intended to be consumed and introduced into the microbiome