Speciation

Question 1

viable

Answer 1

ability to survive

Question 2

fertile

Answer 2

ability to produce offspring

Question 3

species (biological def)

Answer 3

a group of individuals who are able to breed with one another and produce viable and fertile offspring

Question 4

what are the two types of speciation

Answer 4

sympatric or allopatric

Question 5

what is the process of speciation

Answer 5

a parent population is divided, no gene flow occurs between the two populations, mutations arise in each population, different selection pressures occur in each population, if the seperating barrier is removed the populatins are reproductively isolated and either do not mate or do not produce fertile pffspring

Question 6

subspecies

Answer 6

individuals that are phenotypically different from their original population but are still capable of interbreeding to produce viable and fertile offspring

Question 7

allopatric speciation

Answer 7

the geogrpahic seperation of a population from a parent population, resulting in the formation of a new species

Question 8

speciation

Answer 8

the formation of a new species

Question 9

geographic barrier

Answer 9

a physical factor that prevents gene flow and thereby stops two populations from interbreeding

Question 10

allopatric

Answer 10

non-overlapping geographic areas

Question 11

the process of allopatric speciation

Answer 11

a parent population is divided by a geographic barrier, no gene flow occurs between two populations, mutations may arise in each of the populations, different selection pressures occur in each populations favouring different phenotypes and allowing for genetic differences to accumulate, if the geographic barrier is removed the two populations are reproductively isolated

Question 12

symaptric speciation

Answer 12

the divergence of a species from an original species without the presence of a geological barrier/share the same geographical location, but different selection pressures act on different phenotypes

Question 13

howea palms of lord howe island are an example of

Answer 13

sympatric speciation

Question 14

how did the speciation of howea palms occur

Answer 14

the howea palms inhabited both neutral and acidic soils. After some of the the howea palms inhabited the alkaline soil, physiological differenes began to accumulate, including flowering times, causing the species to diverge

Question 15

how does sympatric speciation commonly occur in plants

Answer 15

arise from genetic abnormalities that occur during gamete formation, including polypoid variants. if tthese variants can produce viable and fertile offspring, they are considered a new species

Question 16

adaptive radiation

Answer 16

rapid speciation of one species into many, each filling a different ecological niche

Question 17

ecological niche

Answer 17

have specific environmental conditions resources or selection pressures

Question 18

how did allopatric speciation occur in galapagos finches

Answer 18

each galapagos island has a specific ecological niche and is seperated by an ocean (geographical barrier). the different islands have different food sources and selection pressures, selecting for different phenotypes (beak shape and size), eventually due to the seperation the different species cannot interbreed to produce viable and feryile offspring