Speciation Flashcards

1
Q

clade

A

group of organisms that consists of an ancestor and all its descendents

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2
Q

taxon

A

named taxonomic group

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3
Q

where would the most recent common ancestor be

A

most recent shared node

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4
Q

what are used to construct phylogenetic trees

A

only homologous traits

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5
Q

speciation

A

the engine of biodiversity

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6
Q

species

A

a group of organisms that share certain traits

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7
Q

morphological species concept

A

members of species look alike and share physical traits

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8
Q

lineage species concept also known as

A

phylogenetic species concept

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9
Q

lineage species concept

A

species as branches on the tree of life

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10
Q

ecological species concept

A

species in which a species is a set of organisms adapted to a particular set of resources, called a niche, in the environment

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11
Q

biological species concept

A

groups of actually or potentially interbreediing populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups

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12
Q

there is no single definition of species that can apply

A

to all organisms

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13
Q

sexual dimorphism

A

females and males of the same species look different from one another

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14
Q

when is morphological species concept used

A

when there is nothing else to resort to, lack of behavioral or reproductive behaviors observations
fossils

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15
Q

what species can lineage species concept describe

A

organisms without sexual reproduction
bacteria

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16
Q

in a ecological species concept, every species would

A

occupy a specific niche

17
Q

concept used on interbreeding populations

A

biological species concept

18
Q

in biological species concept, evolutionary forces

A

operate independently on taxa and they have become different species

19
Q

speciation

A

one species splits intot two

20
Q

speciation in biological species concept

A

the evolution of reproductive isolation within a population whose members formerly exchanged genes

21
Q

allopatric speciation

A

involves geographic barriers

22
Q

sympatric speciation

A

without geographic barriers

23
Q

dominantt mode of speciation in most groups of sexually producing organism

A

allopatric

24
Q

sympatric speciation description

A

subpopulations somehow form in the same area and diverge such that gene flow between them ceases, even though interbreeding is not prevented by geography

25
sympatric speciation example fish
certain wavelengths of color r processed better for certain fish at certain depths and they separate because of that even though there is no physical barrier
26
barriers that prevent interbreeding before fertilization
prezygotic isolating barriers
27
habitat isolation
eg terrestrial and aquatic species of garter snake
28
temporal isolation
mating periods don't overlap
29
behavioral isolation
individuals reject or fail to recognize potential mating partner based on courtship rituals or mating signals
30
mechanical isolation
differences in size, shape, position of reproductive organs make mating impossible
31
gametic isolation
sperm and egg fail to fuse sea urchins
32
postzygotic isolating barrier
after fertilization
33
hybrid inviability
zygotes or adults have low survival rates or fail to develop/survive tigress and leopard
34
hybrid infertility
mules, ligers
35
hybrid breakdown
F1 hybrids are okay but later generations become inviable/infertile: rice cultivars