Classification and Phylogeny Flashcards
tree of life
complete, evolutionary history of life
three branches of tree of life
eukarya, bacteria, archea
phylogenetic tree
tree of life
phylogeny
evolutionary history of relationships among organisms
lineage
evolves over time
node represents
separation of two species
names for the branches represent
classification
binomial name
genus and species
higher(more broad) taxonomic categories are
arbitrary(random?)
what needs to happen before a group of organisms can be placed on a phylogenetic tree
they need to be defined
taxon
any group of species we name
clade/monophyletic group
descendents of a common ancestor
homologous traits
features shared by two or more species that were inherited from a common ancestor
phylogenetic trees are constructed based on
homologous traits
convergent evolution
independently evolved traits subject to similar selection pressures may become superficially similar