Size and Scale

Question 1

what type of mutations are not subject to strong negative selection

Answer 1

pseudogenes

Question 2

what type of mutations are under strong negative selection

Answer 2

histone genes

Question 3

changes inn which codon position are least likely to have effects on fitness

Answer 3

third

Question 4

changes in whcih codon position are most likely to have effects on fitness

Answer 4

first/second

Question 5

neofunctionalism

Answer 5

gene takes a new function different from the original gene

Question 6

subfuncitonalism

Answer 6

two functions come out of a gene

Question 7

subfunctionalization of evolution of globin gene family in humans

Answer 7

globin gene family evolved from a single ancestral globin gene

Question 8

surface area/volume ratio is high for…

Answer 8

small/thin objects

Question 9

surface area/volume ratio is low for…

Answer 9

large and thick objects

Question 10

what size is best for diffusion

Answer 10

small objects with more surface area

Question 11

gases are ONLY exchanged by

Answer 11

diffusion

Question 12

gases are not

Answer 12

actively transported

Question 13

partial pressures

Answer 13

percent of the total pressure

Question 14

by fick’s law, we see that the rate of diffusion is very sensitive to waht

Answer 14

L, the diffusion path length

Question 15

what puts a limit on size of cells

Answer 15

distance for diffusion to happen as more distnace makes diffusion slower

Question 16

3 things that help gas exchange

Answer 16

increase surface area
increase partial pressure difference
decrease diffusion path length

Question 17

ventilation

Answer 17

active movement of respiratory medium(air or water) over the gas exchange surfaces
increases P1

Question 18

Perfusion

Answer 18

active circulation of blood over gas exchange surfaces
decreasiing P2

Question 19

trace water diffusion steps

Answer 19

water goes into moth over the gills, constant water flow maxes Po2 on the external gill surfaces and blood circulation minimizes Po2 on the internal surfaces

Question 20

which flow is more effective

Answer 20

countercurrent