Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Specialty > Flashcards

Specialty Flashcards

1
Q

what does DMARD stand for?

A

disease modifying antirheumatic drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an example of a DMARD?

A

methotrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is recombinant DNA tecnhology?

A

joining DNA molecules from 2 different sources and inserting them into a host organism that generates specific products for human use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is another term for recombinant DNA technology?

A

biologics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is humoral immunity mediated by?

A

B cells and their antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are b cells?

A

leukocytes that develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are antibodies?

A

molecules that bind to and inactivate antigen molecules through formation of antigen-antibody complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is cell mediated immunity mediated by?

A

T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are T cells?

A

lymphocytes that act through direct cell-to-cell contact or through the production of cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are cytokines?

A

generic term for non-antibody proteins. Intercellular mediators of immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 3 types of T cells?

A

T helper cells, T suppressor cells, Cytotoxic T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is another term for cytotoxic T cells?

A

natural killer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do T helper cells do?

A

promote the direct actions of other cells associated with the immune system. T helper cells multiply and also tell cytotoxic T cells to activate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do T suppressor cells do?

A

regulate/limit immune response, balancing the T helper cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do cytotoxic T cells do?

A

differentiated, can recognize foreign antigens and attack/destroy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a subclass of biologics that specifically or nonspecifically enhances or reduces the immune response?

A

immunomodulating drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are immunomodulating drugs?

A

subclass of biologics that specifically or nonspecifically enhance or reduce the immune response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 4 categories of immunomodulating drugs?

A

interferons, monoclonal antibodies, interleukin receptor antagonists and agonists, and miscellaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are interferons?

A

Proteins with antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulating properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when are interferons most common?

A

cancer and viral infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the 3 effects that interferons can have on the immune system?

A

Restore function if not working properly
Augment its function
Inhibit its function (important in autoimmune diseases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are monoclonal antibodies?

A

use recombinant DNA technology to specifically target diseases, like cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is TNF?

A

tumor necrosis factor is a naturally occurring cytokine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is VEGF

A

vascular endothelial growth factor is a protein that promotes development of new blood vessels in both tumor and normal body tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are integrins?

A

proteins on the surfaces of leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are lymphokines and what drug class is classified as a lymphokine?

A

cytokines (soluble proteins) produced at least in part by lymphocytes; interleukins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what does HAART stand for?

A

highly active antiretroviral therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what does HAART consist of?

A

3 antiretrovirals taken in combination, usually 2 NRTI’s and either a NNRTI or a protease inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what class of drugs is used for hepatitis C?

A

direct acting antivirals

30
Q

what are the 5 classes of drugs used for HIV?

A

fusion inhibitors, NRTI, NNRTI, integrase inhibitors, protease inhibitors

31
Q

how do fusion inhibitors work?

A

prevent complete fusion to host cell. Not 100% effective, so additional strategies are needed

32
Q

what does NRTI stand for?

A

nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor

33
Q

how do NRTI work?

A

incorporate themselves into DNA and inhibit reverse transcriptase and the synthesis of new viruses, effectively reducing viral replication

34
Q

what does NNRTI stand for?

A

nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

35
Q

how do NNRTI work?

A

directly bind to HIV reverse transcriptase, blocking its ability to take over transcription in the host

36
Q

how do integrase inhibitors work?

A

block integrase which is essential for the virus to be able to enter the host cell

37
Q

how do protease inhibitors work?

A

inhibit protease, which is essential for the virus’s final assembly

38
Q

what are more serious events of HIV medicine?

A

renal toxicity, neutropenia

39
Q

what is neutropenia?

A

decreased WBC, specifically neutrophils. Especially problematic in someone with HIV. Frequent blood counts to monitor.

40
Q

what are 3 sites where HIV drugs work?

A

Interference with the point of attachment
Interference with transcription
Inhibiting egress (expulsion from the cell)

41
Q

how do retroviruses work?

A

they have reverse transcriptase which converts its RNA genome into DNA. This is then integrated into the host cell’s DNA where it is replicated alongside host DNA.

42
Q

what cells does HIV specifically target?

A

macrophages and helper T cells

43
Q

2 brand names of interferon beta-1a?

A

Avonex and Rebif

44
Q

Brand name of Adalimumab?

A

Humira

45
Q

Generic of Humira?

A

Adalimumab

46
Q

Brand name of infliximab?

A

Remicade

47
Q

Generic name of Remicade?

A

Infliximab

48
Q

Brand name of Bevacizumab?

A

Avastin

49
Q

Generic name of Avastin?

A

Bevacizumab

50
Q

Brand name of Natalizumab?

A

Tysabri

51
Q

Generic name of Tysabri?

A

Natalizumab

52
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Humira and Remicade?

A

Anti-TNF

53
Q

What are the 2 anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies?

A

Adalimumab/Humira and infliximab/remicade

54
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Avastin?

A

Anti vascular endothelial growth factor

55
Q

What monoclonal antibody works by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor?

A

Bevacizumab/avastin

56
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Tysabri?

A

Anti-alpha4 integrin subunit

57
Q

What monoclonal antibody works as an anti-alpha4 integrin subunit?

A

Natalizumab/Tysabri

58
Q

What are 2 interleukins?

A

Aldesleukin/Proleukin
Anakinra/Kineret

59
Q

How does proleukin work?

A

Recombinant IL-2 analogue

60
Q

How does Kineret work?

A

IL-1 receptor antagonist

61
Q

What are 2 miscellaneous immunomodulating drugs?

A

Abatacept/Orencia
Etanercept/Enbrel

62
Q

How does Orencia work?

A

Selective co-stimulation modulator

63
Q

How does Enbrel work?

A

Recombinant DNA derived TBF receptor antagonist

64
Q

NRTI names

A

Zidovudine/Retrovir
Tenofovir/Viread
Emtricitibine/Emtriva
Lamivudine/Epivir

65
Q

NNRTI names

A

Efavirenz/Sustiva
Rilpivirine/Edurant
Nevirapine/Viramune

66
Q

protease inhibitor names

A

Atazanavir/Reyataz
Darunavir/Prezista
Ritonavir/Norvir

67
Q

integrase inhibitor names

A

Dolutegravir/Tivicay
Raltegravir/Isentress

68
Q

fusion inhibitor name

A

Enfuvirtide/Fuzeon

69
Q

HAART names

A

Atripla
Complera

Truvada

70
Q

hep C antiviral names

A

Harvoni
Viekira Pak

Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions