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CP2 PAEDS > Specials > Flashcards

Specials Flashcards

1
Q

What % of children with eczema will develop asthma?

A

1/3

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2
Q

PS Eczema (7)

A 
Itching ***
Erythema 
Dryness + scaling 
Vesicles/blisters 
Pain, bleeding, weeping 
Skin fissures 
Lichenification
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3
Q

Causes of eczema exacerbation (5)

A 
Bacterial/viral infection 
Ingestion of allergen 
Contact w/ allergen/irritant 
Enviro - heat/humidity 
Stress
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4
Q

Ix eczema (3)

A

Usually clinical alone
Skin prick
IgE blood test

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5
Q

Mx eczema (6)

A 
Avoid irritants/precipitants 
Emollients 
TO corticosteroids
Immunomodulators 
Bandaging 
ABx if infected
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6
Q

Emollient regime eczema

A

Moisten + soften skin

Apply 2x day after bath

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7
Q

Rash for Eczema herpeticum (3)

A

Monomorphic
Erythematous vesicles
Crusting

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8
Q

Tx Eczema herpeticum (2)

A

Systemic aciclovir
TO steroids
Emollients

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9
Q

What must you do if you think a child has Impetigo?

A

Swab to find out cause

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10
Q

causes of impetigo

A

staph aureus

strep

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11
Q

Mx impetigo if localised

A

TO antiseptic ABX
Soak off w/ soap + water
Do not attend school

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12
Q

Mx impetigo if extensive

A

Systemic ABX (fluclox 10 days)
Soak off w/ soap + water
Do not attend school

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13
Q

What is scalded skin syndrome due to?

A

Staphy toxins

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14
Q

Mx scalded skin syndrome? (4)

A

IV ABx
Fl
Analgesia
Emollients

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15
Q

Causes acute urticaria (2)

A

Exposure allergen

Viral infection

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16
Q

Causes chronic urticaria (6)

A 
Physical - cold/heat
Water
Sweating 
Exercise
C1-esterase inhibitor def
Aspirin/NSAIDs
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17
Q

Tx urticaria

A

Non-sedating antihistamines

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18
Q

Where does candida infection usually occur?

A

Skin flexures

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19
Q

Mx candida

A

TO antifungals - nystatin/fluconazole

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20
Q

How long before puberty can acne begin?

A

1-2 years before

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21
Q

Mx acne (topical)

A

BPO
TO Abx
TO retinoids

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22
Q

Mx acne (systemic)

A

PO ABx - tetracycline (if >12) / erythromycin

Isotretinoin

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23
Q

Appearance erythema multiforme

A

Target lesions

3 colours in each

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24
Q

Causes erythema multiforme (4)

A

HSV
Mycoplasma
Dx reactions
Idiopathic

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25
Q

Appearance erythema nodosum

A

Hot + tender nodules on legs

Assoc fever + arthralgia

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26
Q

Causes erythema nodosum (4)

A

Strep
TB
IBD
Dx

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27
Q

Mx erythema nodosum

A

NSAIDs

Tx underlying conditions

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28
Q

PS Headlice (3)

A

Pruritis scalp
Eggs/nits in hair
Redness/excoriated papules on scalp/neck

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29
Q

Tx Head lice (3)

A

Fine combing
Malathion/permethrin
Check hair regularly

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30
Q

What is the most common type of psoriatic lesion in children

A

Guttate

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31
Q

Features guttate psoriasis (5)

A 
Small, raindrop lesions 
Round erythematous scaly patches
Trunk/upper limbs 
Resolve c. 3-4months 
? Recurrence 3-5yrs
32
Q

Tx psoriasis

A

ointments/emollients

Usually resolves w/o Tx

33
Q

Appearance tinea/ring worm lesions

A

Annular/ring shaped lesions

34
Q

What causes scabies

A

Sarcoptes scabei

35
Q

PS scabies (5)

A 
Severe itching 2-6w - espec @ night/warmth
Burrows
Papules
Vesicles
Track marks
36
Q

Distribution scabies older children (6)

A 
Betw fingers/toes/axillae
Flexor wrist
Belt line 
Nipple 
Penis 
Buttock
37
Q

Distribution scabies infants (2)

A

Palms/soles

Trunk

38
Q

What is cradle cap

A

Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis

39
Q

When does cradle cap present?

A

1st 2 months

40
Q

What is cradle cap associated with an increased risk of?

A

Developing eczema

41
Q

Tx cradle cap

A

Mild - emollients

widespread - TO corticosteroids

42
Q

Mx warts

A

Most disappear spontaneously

Tx if painful/cosmetic - lotion or cryo (only older children)

43
Q

What organism causes measles?

A

Morbillivirus

44
Q

Spread measles

A

Airborne droplets

45
Q

Sx measles (prodrome) (6)

A 
High fever
Malaise
Anorexia 
Conjunctivitis 
cough
coryza
46
Q

Sx measles 2-3 days

A

Oral papule –> kopliks spots

47
Q

Sx measles - day 5

A

Exanthema - cheeks, trunk. limps
Widespread, morbiliform erythema
Fades after few days –> scaling

48
Q

Diagnosis Measles

A

Salivary sample - IgM, RNA

49
Q

Causes epistaxis (4)

A

Trauma - picking/FB
ITP
Dx - anticoag/aspirin
Angiofibroma

50
Q

Mx epistaxis

A

Sit pt upright, forwards + squeeze bottom nose
Ice pack
Cautery

51
Q

What % of rhinitis is diagnosed in childhood?

A

80%

52
Q

Acute phase rhinitis Sx (4)

A

Sneezing
Rhinorrhoea
Itchy
Eye watering, redness, swelling

53
Q

Late phase rhinitis sx (1)

A

nasal congestion

54
Q

Ix rhinitis

A

Skin prick

55
Q

Mx rhinitis (4)

A

Allergy avoidance
AntiH (<5 = PO) (>5 = nasal spray)
TO intranasal steroid >6
TO decongestant >6

56
Q

Hx OSA (8)

A 
Snoring 
Witnessed apnoea 
Incr day time sleep
Impaired [  ] 
Unrefreshing sleep 
Choking episodes
Nocturia 
Irritability
57
Q

Causes OSA (4)

A

Obesity
Large neck
Craniofacial abnormalities - tonsils, tongue, small jaw, soft palate
FH

58
Q

Genetic causes of deaness (2)

A

Turners

Kleinfelters

59
Q

Intrauterine causes of deafness (3)

A

TORCH
HIV
Maternal Dx

60
Q

Perinatal causes of deafness (4)

A

Prematurity
LBW
Asphyxia
Sepsis

61
Q

Postnatal causes of deafness (2)

A

Childhood infections

Injury

62
Q

What is the most common cause of hearing impairment in children?

A

Glue ear

63
Q

Causes of glue ear (5)

A 
Impaired ET function 
Low grade fever
Chronic colonisation adenoids
Persistent inflamm 
Adenoidal hypertrophy
64
Q

Complications glue ear (2)

A

Delayed S+L development

Decr attention

65
Q

Common causes blindness children (8)

A 
ROP
Coloboma 
Glaucoma 
Cataract 
Infection - CMV, measles 
Vit A deficiency 
neuro problems 
Retinoblastoma
66
Q

Presentation conjunctivitis (5)

A 
Red eye 
Irritation + discomfort 
Discharge 
Photophobia 
Unaltered visual acuity
67
Q

Causes of acute conjunctivitis (3)

A

Adenovirus
Bacterial
Allergic

68
Q

Causes of chronic conjuncitivitis (2)

A

Chlamydia

Toxic reaction

69
Q

PS Periorbital cellulitis (4)

A

Unilateral
Fever/erythema, tenderness + oedema eye movements
Ptosis

70
Q

Mx periorbital cellulitis

A

Ceftriaxone

71
Q

Most common causative organism Stye

A

Staphy

72
Q

What is a stye

A

Abscess of eye follicle

73
Q

Tx stye

A

Lash removal
Warm compression + milking
Systemic ABx

74
Q

what % <5s have squints

A

5%

75
Q

Causes of squints (6)

A 
Congenital 
Refractive errors 
Cerebral palsy 
Downs 
Hydrocephalus 
Brain injury
76
Q

Congenital causes cataracts (3)

A

Genetic abnormality
Chromosomal abnormality (Downs)
Maternal infection

77
Q

Acquired causes cataracts (4)

A

Galactosemia
DM
Eye trauma
Toxocariasis

CP2 PAEDS (18 decks)

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