Specialized Tissues, Stem Cells And Tissue Renewal II

Question 1

Sensory Cells

Apical vs Basal End

Answer 1

Apical

• Has specialized structures that detects the EXTERNAL Stimulus
• Converts into a change in membrane potential

Basal
- Makes SNAPSE with the neurons that relay the sensory information to specific sites in the brain

Question 2

What system has the LEAST capacity to Self repair or regenerate?

Answer 2

CNS

Question 3

Characteristics of Sensory Epithelia

Answer 3

• Covers tissues of the nose, ears and eyes (sensory)
• Derived from ECTODERM
• sensory cells act as TRANSDUCERS
  (Convert signal from envt into ELECTRICAL signals to the CNS)
• Well CONSERVED

Question 4

Relay stations in the brain are called what?

Answer 4

Glomeruli

Question 5

Cells of the olfactory system

Answer 5

1. Olfactory neurons
   - With protruding Cilia
2. Supporting cells
   - hold neurons in place
3. Basal Cells
   - Connect to Basal Lamina

Question 6

Olfaction in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Answer 6

1. Parkinson’s
   - Reduced sense of smell precedes clinical symptoms
2. Alzheimer’s
   - Correlates to a loss of smell

Question 7

How many days does it take for a Newt to regenerate a limb?

Answer 7

25 days

Question 8

Average Glomeruli per olfactory bulb in mice?

Answer 8

1800

Question 9

Sensory cells of the

1. Nose
2. Ears
3. Eye

Answer 9

1. Olfactory sensory Neurons
2. Auditory HAIR cells
3. Photoreceptors

Question 10

Where do olfactory neurons expressing the same odorant receptors converge?

Answer 10

Their AXONS converge on the SAME Glomerulus

Question 11

Regeneration is common in ______organisms

Answer 11

Non-Mammalian

• Ex: Newt

Question 12

Regeneration of Newt Limb

Answer 12

• Differentiated muscle cells in the stump REENTER the Cell Cycle
• De-Differentiate
• Become Embryonic cells
• Proliferate to form a Limb Bud
• Regenerate mussing limb

Question 13

Differential abilities of Neuro-spheres

Answer 13

1. Can stay as stem cells
2. Differentiate into Neurons
3. Differentiate into BOTH Neurons and Glial cells

Question 14

Stem Cells in Hippocampus

Answer 14

• Involved in learning and MEMORY formation
• Continuous turnover of cells in the hippocampus
• 1400 fresh neurons are generated every day

Question 15

Odorant receptor genes: Dogs Vs Humans

Answer 15

Dogs - 1000

Human - 350

Question 16

T/F: Each olfactory Neuron expresses only ONE of the odorant genes and responds to only ONE class of Odorant

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What areas of the brain posses stem cells?

Answer 17

1. Ventricles of the forebrain

2. Hippocampus

Question 18

How long do individual olfactory neurons survive?

Answer 18

1 month

Question 19

What kind of receptor is a olfactory receptor

Answer 19

G protein Coupled Receptor

Question 20

How many classes of oderant molecules can an olfactory receptor bind?

Answer 20

1

• May include a variety of odor molecules

Question 21

Influx of what causes an action potential in the nose?

Answer 21

Na+ And Ca2+

Question 22

Characteristics of Neurospheres

Answer 22

• Cultures established from self renewing regions of the brain
• Clusters of Neural stem cells, Neural cells and Glial cells
• Can be PROPAGATED through several generation