Specialist diets Flashcards
Vegetarian
All vegetarians don’t eat meat, poultry, game, and fish or slaughter-by products such as gelatine or animal fats.
Vegan
Vegans will not eat any foods from animal origin.
Lacto-vegetarian
Lacto-vegetarians will eat dairy products but not eggs, poultry, meat, fish or sea food.
Lacto-ovo vegetarians
Lacto-ovo vegetarians will eat egg and dairy products but not poultry, meat, fish or sea food.
Religious beliefs
Many religions have dietary rules that can affect their choice of food. They may have to choose or avoid foods depending on their religious beliefs and principles.
Judaism
Jewish food must be kosher. This word means permitted which includes a method of slaughtering and preparation according to strict Jewish laws. Jews do not eat pork, bacon, ham, fish without scales, shellfish or eels.
Orthodox Jews do not eat meat, drink milk or have milk products (mother and child) at the same time or cooked together e.g. lasagne or vegetables cooked in butter. Separate equipment must be used for milk and meat.
Buddhism
There are no forbidden foods.
However, Buddhism teaches that it is wrong to kill, so most Buddhists become vegetarian to avoid killing animals.
All Buddhists avoid the consumption of alcohol
Hinduism
Hindus do not eat beef.
They believe that the cow is a sacred animal and cannot be eaten.
Many are vegetarian, but some do eat lamb, poultry and/or fish.
Prohibited animal products tend to vary from one country or region to the next. Pork is also sometimes restricted or avoided
Islam
Muslims do not eat pork (pork products including lard) as they believe that the pig is an unclean animal.
Meat has to be halal (permitted) - slaughtered following Muslim law.
They do not eat fish without scales or shellfish.
They do not drink alcohol or eat any food containing alcohol.
Food products must not contain gelatine from an animal source which is not Halal meat
During Ramadan, individuals fast during the sunlight hours and the fast is broken
each night after prayers.
Christians
They do not have any restrictions.
Some Catholics and Orthodox Christians avoid meat on Fridays and eat fish each Friday instead.
They also fast during Lent.
Seventh Day Adventists avoid caffeine and don’t eat flesh such as pork, beef and lamb.
Many are lacto-ovo vegetarian
Sikhs
Sikhs must not eat beef, or beef products, most Sikhs are vegetarian.
It is also forbidden to eat meat from animals slaughtered according to religious guidelines, and therefore Sikhs do not eat halal or kosher meat.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
This is the general term that describes disease of the heart or its blood vessels.
The term includes coronary heart disease and stroke in which arteries carrying blood around the body become blocked with fatty deposits (cholesterol) and consequently blood flow is reduced.
Diabetes: type 2
The body may produce too little insulin, or the body has become insulin resistant and cannot utilise the glucose produced by carbohydrates.
This kind of diabetes usually affects
people who are overweight or older.
If a person is overweight, they are twice as likely to get type 2 diabetes. Therefore, a high-sugar diet and high-fat diet should be avoided.
Coeliac Disease
The body cannot absorb the protein found in wheat, rye, barley and some oats.
The protein is called gluten. People with this will need to avoid ALL food and drink with this in it such as bread, cakes, pasta and couscous.
Food intolerance
A food intolerance is when a person has an unpleasant reaction to a food or an ingredient.
