Specialised Cells/ Components Of Cells

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Control centre of the cell. It contains the cell’s genetic information arranged in chromosomes.

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

Threadlike structure found in the nucleus. Made of DNA which contains the genetic information of the cell.

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Chemical reactions take place here.

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Site of cell respiration. Very abundant in cells that need a lot of energy (e.g. muscle cells)

Question 5

Cell membrane

Answer 5

A selectively permeable boundary surrounding the cell which allows some substances to enter and leave the cell while preventing others.

Question 6

Ribosome

Answer 6

Protein synthesis (producing a cell’s protein).

Question 7

(Plant) Cell Wall

Answer 7

A rigid structure outside the cell membrane that supports the cells shape.

Question 8

(Plant) Permenant Vacuole

Answer 8

Contains cell sap and when full pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall, providing support.

Question 9

(Plant) chloroplasts

Answer 9

Contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps light for photosynthesis.

Question 10

Nerve cells (animal)

Answer 10

Are specialised to pick up electrical impulses to carry around the body through it’s axon, and onto other cells through synapses.

Question 11

Muscle cells (animal)

Answer 11

Specialised to contract and relax. In tissues, striated muscle cells move your bones by relaxing and contracting.

Question 12

Sperm cell (animal)

Answer 12

Specialised to have a long tail (to move), lots of mitochondria, an acrsome which contain enzymes to break into the egg, a large nucleus

Question 13

Root hair cell (plant)

Answer 13

Specialised to enhance the plant’s collection of water and mineral ions by increasing the surface area for water to move into, has a large permenant vacuole, many mitochondria for active transport.

Question 14

Photosynthetic cells (plants)

Answer 14

Specialised to do photosynthesis with chloroplasts (containing chlorophyl) which traps light, a large permenant vacuole to keep the cell rigid and cells are positioned in continueous layers to catch all light.

Question 15

Xylem cells (plant)

Answer 15

Specialised to carry water and minerals by having long hollow tubes, and are supported by spiral structures made of the chemical lignin. Also supports the plant’s stem.

Question 16

Pholem Cells (plant)

Answer 16

Specialised to let food (made by photosynthesis) travel around a plant by having tubes to carry food, sieve plates which allow dissolved food to move through tubes. They are supported by companion cells.