specialised cells

Question 1

Red blood cell

Answer 1

biconcaved - maximises surface area for more efficient diffusion of oxygen
No nucleus - makes more space for haemoglobin and oxygen
small size - can pass through tiny capillaries

Question 2

Ciliated cells

Answer 2

hair like extensions from cytoplasm - to sweep up mucus and bacteria
contains many mitochondria - for energy to move cilia
found in trachea

Question 3

root hair cell

Answer 3

has a long extension - increase the surface area for maximised absorption
has vacuole has high sugar/salt concentration - to increase the concentration to promote osmosis
more mitochondria - provides more energy for active transport
membrane has carriers/proteins for active transport of ions

Question 4

palisade mesophyll cells

Answer 4

contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis
column shaped - fit as many layers under the upper epidermis of the leaf to maximise absorption of sunlight
the wall is thin - higher diffusion rate
near the surface of the leaf - maximises absorption of sunlight

Question 5

Sperm cell

Answer 5

head- contains genetic material for fertilisation in the nucleus
contains acrosome at the tip of the head - contains enzymes needed to penetrate egg cells
has mitochondria in the middle - provides energy
tail - enables swimming