8.1 Gas exchange Flashcards
name the parts of the respiratory system and their uses [10]
-lungs
-diagphragm - contracts to inflate the lungs
-ribs - protects lungs
-intercostal muscles - lift up your ribcage when you inhale
-larynx - voice box
-trachea - C shaped cartilage - supports airway
-bronchi - carries air to each lung
-bronchioles - carries air to alveoli
-alveoli - gas exchange takes place
-capillaries - carries blood around the alveoli
What is the difference between inspired air and expired air? [4]
-expired air has less oxygen than inspired air
-expired air has more carbon dioxide than inspired air
-expired air contains more water vapour
-expired air is warmer
Describe the effects of physical activity on rate and depth of breathing [5]
-muscle requires more energy
-aerobic respiration increases (more oxgyen is used up and levels of CO2 rise)
-brain detects increasing concentration of CO2(acidity) and signals the lungs to increase breathing
-breathing rate and depth of breathing increases
-more gaxeous exchange takes place
what makes gas exchange efficient? [4]
-large surface area of alveoli for faster gas exchange
-thin surface of alveoli for faster diffusion
-good blood supply for faster rate of gas exchange (steeper gradient)
-good ventilation for faster rate of gas exchange (steeper gradient)
which cells protect the gas exchange system from pathogens and how? [3] + [1]
-globlet cells create and secrete mucus
-mucus traps pathogens, dust and smoke
-cilia of the ciliated cells sweep the mucus up the nose into the throat
-swallow the mucus and stomach acid kills it
what disease can tobacco smoking cause? [3]
-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
-lung cancer
-coronary heart disease
Describe the effects of nicotine [4] cause [2] disease
-absorbed through alveoli into blood stream
-stimulant, makes heart beat faster
-narrows arterioles
-causes high blood pressure heart disease
-thickens blood, becomes sticky, blot clots
-causes strokes, heart attacks
Describe the effects of tar
[3] cause [3] disease
-smoke cools, forming black sticky substances
-causes emphysema
-contains carcinogenic chemicals
-causes causes lung cancer
-irritates lungs, damages cilia
-causes smoker’s cough, bronchitis
Describe the effects of carbon monoxide
-poisonous gas
-absorbed and combines with haemoglobin reducing oxygen carried by blood
-causes herat muscle damage: heart attack
describe the effects of smoke particles [3]
-accumulates in the lungs
-irritant
-causes phlegm
describe chronic bronchitis [5]
-cilia destroyed
-more mucus produced
-infected mucus in bronchi causes phlegm
-brochi is blocked
-persistent cough
describe emphysema [3]
-alveoli bursts-less surface area for gas exchange-breathlessness
describe lung cancer [3]
-tumour develps
-blocks airway/blood vessels
-can spread to other organs
describe heart disease
-fat accumulates in coronary artery narrowing it
-blood clots form blocking the narrowed coronary artery
-lack of oxygen damages heart muscles-heart attack risk increase
