Specialisation, differentiation and stem cells Flashcards
What is differentiation?
The process in which a cell becomes better adapted - or specialised - for it’s function
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells, what does this mean?
This means that they are capable of both dividing to create more stem cells as well as dividing to reproduce
What are examples of ‘differentiated’ cells?
Root hair cell, muscle cell, nerve cell, sperm cell and xylem & phloem cell.
What is the function of a root hair cell?
It is responsible for the plant absorbing water and nutrients
How is a root hair cell specialised for it’s function?
-Large permanent vacuole
-Elongated root hair
-Many mitochondria to transfer energy
What is the function of a muscle cell?
Long cells that contract for function such as movement or digestion
How is a muscle cell specialised for it’s function?
-Contain special protein
-Many mitochondria
-Can store glycogen
What is the function of a nerve cell?
Specialised to carry electrical impulses
How is a nerve cell specialised for it’s function?
-Extended to carry impulses
-Branched connections
What is the function of a sperm cell?
Move through the female reproductive system to reach the egg
How is a sperm cell specialised for it’s function?
-Long tail
-A streamlined head
-Lots of mitochondria
What is the function of a Xylem and Phloem cell?
They are joined end to end to form long tubes
How is a Xylem and Phloem cell specialised for it’s function?
-Two-way flow
-Elongated cells
-Companion cells
Where are Stem Cells found?
Stem Cells are found in human embryos, adult bone marrow and meristem tissue
