Special Topics In Physiology

Question 0

Detected Temperature < Set-Pint Temperature:

Example:

Answer 0

Heat Generating Mechanism
Example: shivering, thyroid hormone production, dec sweating, piloerection, skin vasoconstriction(alpha1), brown fat in babies(bet3)

Question 1

Regulation of body temperature is mediated by

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

Question 2

Set-Point Temperature < Detected Temperature

Example?

Answer 2

Heat Loss Mechanisms

Example: sweating, skin vasodilation, dec. heat production

Question 3

What is the role of fat and skin in terms of regulation of body temperature?
Fat:
Skin:

Answer 3

Fat: INSULATOR
Skin: Radiator system (when cold: blood vessel constriction; when hot: blood vessel dilate)

Question 4

Most of the body heat is lost through which way?

Answer 4

Radiation > Evaporation > Conduction of air > Conduction of object

Question 5

Pathophysiology of Fever?

Answer 5

Pyrogens -> Inc IL-1 (alpha and beta), IL-6 -> inc prostaglandin -> inc set-point temp in Hypothalamus

Question 6

Heat Exhaustion vs Heat Stroke

Answer 6

Heat Exhaustion: inc sweating causing fainting

Heatstroke: inc body temp causing tissue damage and impaired response

Question 7

Hight temp secondary to the use of Succinylcholine & Halothane?

Answer 7

Malignant Hyperthermia

Question 8

What is the basis for muscle endurance?

Answer 8

Glycogen levels in the body

Question 9

What is the diet for muscle glycogen recovery?

Answer 9

High Carbohydrate Diet

Question 10

How long does it take to recover muscle glycogen?

Answer 10

2 days ( High Carbohydrate Diet)

Question 11

An increase in muscle strength is always due to what?

Answer 11

Inc. in muscle size

Question 12

In respiratory system in exercise, maximal breathing capacity

Answer 12

150-170L/min

Question 13

In respiratory system in exercise, pulmonary ventilation during maximal exercise

Answer 13

100-110L/min

Question 14

Sweat glands may acclimatize to hot and humid conditions because of

Answer 14

Aldosterone

Question 15

Inconsistence result on effects on athletic performance

Answer 15

Caffeine

Question 16

Increase muscle strength and aggresiveness and may also cause MI, and stroke due to HPN, inc LDL and dec HDL, and testicular atrophy

Answer 16

Testosterone

Question 17

Psychological effects only; may cause VFib

Answer 17

Amphetamine

Cocaine

Question 18

What are the changes seen in Natural Acclimatization?

Answer 18

• dec body mass, inc chest size
• larger heart and lungs
• better O2 delivery ( inc Hgb, better O2 utilization)

Question 19

What are the manifestations of acute mountain sickness?

Answer 19

1. Acute Pulmonary Edema

2. Acute Cerebral Edema

Question 20

What are the manifestation in Chronic mountain sickness?

Answer 20

1. Pulmonary Vasoconstriction

2. Right sided heart failure

Question 21

High nitrogen pressure cause Joviality

Answer 21

120 feet

Question 22

High nitrogen pressure cause Drowsiness

Answer 22

200 - 250 feet

Question 23

High nitrogen pressure cause “rapture of the depths” and alters ionic conductance in brain cells and inc nitrogen.

Answer 23

Beyond 250 feet

Question 24

High O2 pressure, breathing O2 at 4atm(PO2= 3040mmHg) will cause sudden brain seizures followed by coma du to

Answer 24

O2 Free Radicals ( O2 and H2O2)

Question 25

High Carbon Dioxide Pressure occurs when:

Answer 25

1. Diving apparatus has malfunction

2. Severe respiratory acidosis, lethargy and narcosis

Question 26

Formation of nitrogen bubbles

Answer 26

Decompression sickness

Question 27

Manifestation of Decompression sickness (3)

Answer 27

1. BENDS (joints and muscle pain)
2. CHOKES (dyspnea)
3. Caisson’s Disease ( Chronic DS)

Question 28

Treatment of Decompression Sickness (3)

Answer 28

1. US Navy Decompression Tables
2. Tank decompression
3. Use helium in very deep dives in less than 250 feet