Special Topics In Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Detected Temperature < Set-Pint Temperature:

Example:

A

Heat Generating Mechanism
Example: shivering, thyroid hormone production, dec sweating, piloerection, skin vasoconstriction(alpha1), brown fat in babies(bet3)

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1
Q

Regulation of body temperature is mediated by

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

Set-Point Temperature < Detected Temperature

Example?

A

Heat Loss Mechanisms

Example: sweating, skin vasodilation, dec. heat production

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3
Q

What is the role of fat and skin in terms of regulation of body temperature?
Fat:
Skin:

A

Fat: INSULATOR
Skin: Radiator system (when cold: blood vessel constriction; when hot: blood vessel dilate)

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4
Q

Most of the body heat is lost through which way?

A

Radiation > Evaporation > Conduction of air > Conduction of object

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5
Q

Pathophysiology of Fever?

A

Pyrogens -> Inc IL-1 (alpha and beta), IL-6 -> inc prostaglandin -> inc set-point temp in Hypothalamus

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6
Q

Heat Exhaustion vs Heat Stroke

A

Heat Exhaustion: inc sweating causing fainting

Heatstroke: inc body temp causing tissue damage and impaired response

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7
Q

Hight temp secondary to the use of Succinylcholine & Halothane?

A

Malignant Hyperthermia

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8
Q

What is the basis for muscle endurance?

A

Glycogen levels in the body

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9
Q

What is the diet for muscle glycogen recovery?

A

High Carbohydrate Diet

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10
Q

How long does it take to recover muscle glycogen?

A

2 days ( High Carbohydrate Diet)

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11
Q

An increase in muscle strength is always due to what?

A

Inc. in muscle size

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12
Q

In respiratory system in exercise, maximal breathing capacity

A

150-170L/min

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13
Q

In respiratory system in exercise, pulmonary ventilation during maximal exercise

A

100-110L/min

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14
Q

Sweat glands may acclimatize to hot and humid conditions because of

A

Aldosterone

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15
Q

Inconsistence result on effects on athletic performance

16
Q

Increase muscle strength and aggresiveness and may also cause MI, and stroke due to HPN, inc LDL and dec HDL, and testicular atrophy

A

Testosterone

17
Q

Psychological effects only; may cause VFib

A

Amphetamine

Cocaine

18
Q

What are the changes seen in Natural Acclimatization?

A
  • dec body mass, inc chest size
  • larger heart and lungs
  • better O2 delivery ( inc Hgb, better O2 utilization)
19
Q

What are the manifestations of acute mountain sickness?

A
  1. Acute Pulmonary Edema

2. Acute Cerebral Edema

20
Q

What are the manifestation in Chronic mountain sickness?

A
  1. Pulmonary Vasoconstriction

2. Right sided heart failure

21
Q

High nitrogen pressure cause Joviality

22
Q

High nitrogen pressure cause Drowsiness

A

200 - 250 feet

23
Q

High nitrogen pressure cause “rapture of the depths” and alters ionic conductance in brain cells and inc nitrogen.

A

Beyond 250 feet

24
High O2 pressure, breathing O2 at 4atm(PO2= 3040mmHg) will cause sudden brain seizures followed by coma du to
O2 Free Radicals ( O2 and H2O2)
25
High Carbon Dioxide Pressure occurs when:
1. Diving apparatus has malfunction | 2. Severe respiratory acidosis, lethargy and narcosis
26
Formation of nitrogen bubbles
Decompression sickness
27
Manifestation of Decompression sickness (3)
1. BENDS (joints and muscle pain) 2. CHOKES (dyspnea) 3. Caisson's Disease ( Chronic DS)
28
Treatment of Decompression Sickness (3)
1. US Navy Decompression Tables 2. Tank decompression 3. Use helium in very deep dives in less than 250 feet