Cell Physiology Flashcards by Mareu Ladera

Powerhouse of the Cell

Mitochondria

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Contains DNA, Histones & Chromosomes; has nucleolus?

Nucleus

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Involve in Detoxification, lipid synthesis, lipid-soluble substances-> water-soluble substances

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Agranular Endoplasmic reticulum

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For synthesis of Proteins bound for the cell membrane, lysosomes, outside of the cell

Free-Floating Ribosomes

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For synthesis of Proteins bound for the cytoplasm and mitochondria

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum

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For packaging, molecular tagging, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid & chondroitin sulfate

Golgi Apparatus

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Contains proenzymes, neurotransmitters and replenishes cell membrane components

Secretory Vesicles

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For regression of tissues and Autolysis; suicide bags of the cells; destroys FBs

Lysosomes

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Degrades membrane-associated proteins; NOT membrane bound

Proteosomes

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Contains oxidases, catalases; for detoxification

Peroxisomes

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DNA+Histones

Chromosomes

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Thiamine(B1) deficiency

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Beri-Beri

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Riboflavin(B2) deficiency

Chylosis

Stomatitis

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Niacin(B3) deficiency

PELLAGRA: (Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death)

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Pyridoxine(B6)

Peripheral neuropathy

given in TB patient

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Cabalamine(B12) deficiency

Megaloblastic anemia

Neural tube disorder

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Common night blindness in the Philippines

Vitamin A Deficiency

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Most common Vitamin D deficiency in children

Rickettes

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Most common Vitamin D deficiency in adult

Osteomalacia

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What is the function of the nucleolus?

Site of transcription and processing of rRNA

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What is unique about the mitochondria?

Contains mitochondria DNA that is maternally-derived and does NOT follow the genetic code

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Exclusive Biochemical Pathways in the Mitochondria

Beta-Oxidation

Kreb’s Cycle

The rER & sER are abundant in which organ?

LIVER (lots of plasma protein)

What are the subunits of the ribosomes?
Prokaryotes:
Eukaryotes:

Prokaryotes: 30’s , 50’s
Eukaryotes: 40’s , 60’s

Specialized sER in the Skeletal Muscle

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Specialized rER in the neurons

Nissle bodies

The only substance modified in the rER and not the Golgi apparatus

Collagen

What is added to lysosoMe-bound Proteins by the Golgi apparatus

Monnose-6-Phosphate

Which organelles come from Lysosomes: Peroxisomes:

Lysosomes: Golgi apparatus Peroxisomes: sER

Wear-and-tear pigment that accumulation in lysosomes

Lipofuscin

What is the functional unit of the gap junction?

Connexon

What do you call the movements of substance through the apical and baso-lateral side?

Transcellular Transport

What do you call the movements of substance between cells through tight junctions

Paracellular Transport

What is the basis for the saying "where sodium goes, water follows"?

90% of the solutes in the ECF is Na+ making it a reasonable indicator of osmolarity

What are the various indicator molecules? | TBW:

Deuterium Oxide | Antipyrine

Osmosis: | Example of IMPERMEANT solute

Glucose (effective osmole)

Osmosis: | Example of PERMEANT solute

Urea (ineffective osmole)

Osmosis: | Effective osmole used in the treatment of brain edema

Mannitol

Osmosis: | Osmotic pressure from large molecules (proteins)

Oncotic pressure

Osmosis: | Weight of the volume of a solution divided by weight of equal volume of distilled (pure) water.

Specific gravity

Transport Mechanisms: | Why is "Secondary" active transport called as such?

It indirectly relies on the Na-K-ATPase pump

Transport Mechanisms: What are the characteristics of active transport? Saturation:

Tm occurs ONCE all transporters are used

Transport Mechanisms: What are the characteristics of active transport? Stereospecificity:

Recognizes D or L forms

Transport Mechanisms: What are the characteristics of active transport? Competition:

Chemically-related solutes may compete

Which is faster in Low Solute Concentration:

Facilitated > Simple

Which is faster in High Solute Concentration:

Simple > Facilitated

Transport Mechanisms: | Ca-ATPase pump in the cell membrane

PMCA

Transport Mechanisms: | Ca-ATPase pump in the Sarcoplasmic reticulum & endoplasmic reticulum

SERCA

Transport Mechanisms: | Functions of the Na-K-ATPase pump

Prevents Cellular Swelling | Contributes to Resting Membrane Potential (RMP)

Functional subunit by Na-K-ATPase pump inhibited by Cardiac Glycosides

Alpha Subunit

In all epithelial cells, Na-K-ATPase pump is found in the baso-lateral side EXCEPT:

Choroid Plexus

Why RBC's swell when chilled?

Dec ATP Synthesis-> Dec activity of Na-K-ATPase pump

What are the various indicator molecules? | ECF:

Inulin | Mannitol

What are the various indicator molecules? | Plasma:

124 I-Labeled Albumin