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Physiology > Cell Physiology > Flashcards

Cell Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Powerhouse of the Cell

A

Mitochondria

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1
Q

Contains DNA, Histones & Chromosomes; has nucleolus?

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

Involve in Detoxification, lipid synthesis, lipid-soluble substances-> water-soluble substances

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Agranular Endoplasmic reticulum

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3
Q

For synthesis of Proteins bound for the cell membrane, lysosomes, outside of the cell

A

Free-Floating Ribosomes

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4
Q

For synthesis of Proteins bound for the cytoplasm and mitochondria

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum

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5
Q

For packaging, molecular tagging, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid & chondroitin sulfate

A

Golgi Apparatus

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6
Q

Contains proenzymes, neurotransmitters and replenishes cell membrane components

A

Secretory Vesicles

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7
Q

For regression of tissues and Autolysis; suicide bags of the cells; destroys FBs

A

Lysosomes

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8
Q

Degrades membrane-associated proteins; NOT membrane bound

A

Proteosomes

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9
Q

Contains oxidases, catalases; for detoxification

A

Peroxisomes

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10
Q

DNA+Histones

A

Chromosomes

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11
Q

Thiamine(B1) deficiency

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Beri-Beri

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12
Q

Riboflavin(B2) deficiency

A

Chylosis

Stomatitis

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13
Q

Niacin(B3) deficiency

A

PELLAGRA: (Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death)

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14
Q

Pyridoxine(B6)

A

Peripheral neuropathy

given in TB patient

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15
Q

Cabalamine(B12) deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia

Neural tube disorder

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16
Q

Common night blindness in the Philippines

A

Vitamin A Deficiency

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17
Q

Most common Vitamin D deficiency in children

A

Rickettes

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18
Q

Most common Vitamin D deficiency in adult

A

Osteomalacia

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19
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Site of transcription and processing of rRNA

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20
Q

What is unique about the mitochondria?

A

Contains mitochondria DNA that is maternally-derived and does NOT follow the genetic code

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21
Q

Exclusive Biochemical Pathways in the Mitochondria

A

Beta-Oxidation

Kreb’s Cycle

22
Q

The rER & sER are abundant in which organ?

A

LIVER (lots of plasma protein)

23
Q

What are the subunits of the ribosomes?
Prokaryotes:
Eukaryotes:

A

Prokaryotes: 30’s , 50’s
Eukaryotes: 40’s , 60’s

24
Q

Specialized sER in the Skeletal Muscle

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

Specialized rER in the neurons

A

Nissle bodies

26
Q

The only substance modified in the rER and not the Golgi apparatus

A

Collagen

27
Q

What is added to lysosoMe-bound Proteins by the Golgi apparatus

A

Monnose-6-Phosphate

28
Q

Which organelles come from
Lysosomes:
Peroxisomes:

A

Lysosomes: Golgi apparatus
Peroxisomes: sER

29
Q

Wear-and-tear pigment that accumulation in lysosomes

A

Lipofuscin

30
Q

What is the functional unit of the gap junction?

A

Connexon

31
Q

What do you call the movements of substance through the apical and baso-lateral side?

A

Transcellular Transport

32
Q

What do you call the movements of substance between cells through tight junctions

A

Paracellular Transport

33
Q

What is the basis for the saying “where sodium goes, water follows”?

A

90% of the solutes in the ECF is Na+ making it a reasonable indicator of osmolarity

34
Q

What are the various indicator molecules?

TBW:

A

Deuterium Oxide

Antipyrine

35
Q

Osmosis:

Example of IMPERMEANT solute

A

Glucose (effective osmole)

36
Q

Osmosis:

Example of PERMEANT solute

A

Urea (ineffective osmole)

37
Q

Osmosis:

Effective osmole used in the treatment of brain edema

A

Mannitol

38
Q

Osmosis:

Osmotic pressure from large molecules (proteins)

A

Oncotic pressure

39
Q

Osmosis:

Weight of the volume of a solution divided by weight of equal volume of distilled (pure) water.

A

Specific gravity

40
Q

Transport Mechanisms:

Why is “Secondary” active transport called as such?

A

It indirectly relies on the Na-K-ATPase pump

41
Q

Transport Mechanisms:
What are the characteristics of active transport?
Saturation:

A

Tm occurs ONCE all transporters are used

42
Q

Transport Mechanisms:
What are the characteristics of active transport?
Stereospecificity:

A

Recognizes D or L forms

43
Q

Transport Mechanisms:
What are the characteristics of active transport?
Competition:

A

Chemically-related solutes may compete

44
Q

Which is faster in Low Solute Concentration:

A

Facilitated > Simple

45
Q

Which is faster in High Solute Concentration:

A

Simple > Facilitated

46
Q

Transport Mechanisms:

Ca-ATPase pump in the cell membrane

A

PMCA

47
Q

Transport Mechanisms:

Ca-ATPase pump in the Sarcoplasmic reticulum & endoplasmic reticulum

A

SERCA

48
Q

Transport Mechanisms:

Functions of the Na-K-ATPase pump

A

Prevents Cellular Swelling

Contributes to Resting Membrane Potential (RMP)

49
Q

Functional subunit by Na-K-ATPase pump inhibited by Cardiac Glycosides

A

Alpha Subunit

50
Q

In all epithelial cells, Na-K-ATPase pump is found in the baso-lateral side EXCEPT:

A

Choroid Plexus

51
Q

Why RBC’s swell when chilled?

A

Dec ATP Synthesis-> Dec activity of Na-K-ATPase pump

52
Q

What are the various indicator molecules?

ECF:

A

Inulin

Mannitol

53
Q

What are the various indicator molecules?

Plasma:

A

124 I-Labeled Albumin

Physiology (6 decks)

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