Cell Physiology Flashcards
Powerhouse of the Cell
Mitochondria
Contains DNA, Histones & Chromosomes; has nucleolus?
Nucleus
Involve in Detoxification, lipid synthesis, lipid-soluble substances-> water-soluble substances
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Agranular Endoplasmic reticulum
For synthesis of Proteins bound for the cell membrane, lysosomes, outside of the cell
Free-Floating Ribosomes
For synthesis of Proteins bound for the cytoplasm and mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum
For packaging, molecular tagging, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid & chondroitin sulfate
Golgi Apparatus
Contains proenzymes, neurotransmitters and replenishes cell membrane components
Secretory Vesicles
For regression of tissues and Autolysis; suicide bags of the cells; destroys FBs
Lysosomes
Degrades membrane-associated proteins; NOT membrane bound
Proteosomes
Contains oxidases, catalases; for detoxification
Peroxisomes
DNA+Histones
Chromosomes
Thiamine(B1) deficiency
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Beri-Beri
Riboflavin(B2) deficiency
Chylosis
Stomatitis
Niacin(B3) deficiency
PELLAGRA: (Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death)
Pyridoxine(B6)
Peripheral neuropathy
given in TB patient
Cabalamine(B12) deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia
Neural tube disorder
Common night blindness in the Philippines
Vitamin A Deficiency
Most common Vitamin D deficiency in children
Rickettes
Most common Vitamin D deficiency in adult
Osteomalacia
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Site of transcription and processing of rRNA
What is unique about the mitochondria?
Contains mitochondria DNA that is maternally-derived and does NOT follow the genetic code
Exclusive Biochemical Pathways in the Mitochondria
Beta-Oxidation
Kreb’s Cycle
The rER & sER are abundant in which organ?
LIVER (lots of plasma protein)
What are the subunits of the ribosomes?
Prokaryotes:
Eukaryotes:
Prokaryotes: 30’s , 50’s
Eukaryotes: 40’s , 60’s
Specialized sER in the Skeletal Muscle
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Specialized rER in the neurons
Nissle bodies
The only substance modified in the rER and not the Golgi apparatus
Collagen
What is added to lysosoMe-bound Proteins by the Golgi apparatus
Monnose-6-Phosphate
Which organelles come from
Lysosomes:
Peroxisomes:
Lysosomes: Golgi apparatus
Peroxisomes: sER
Wear-and-tear pigment that accumulation in lysosomes
Lipofuscin
What is the functional unit of the gap junction?
Connexon
What do you call the movements of substance through the apical and baso-lateral side?
Transcellular Transport
What do you call the movements of substance between cells through tight junctions
Paracellular Transport
What is the basis for the saying “where sodium goes, water follows”?
90% of the solutes in the ECF is Na+ making it a reasonable indicator of osmolarity
What are the various indicator molecules?
TBW:
Deuterium Oxide
Antipyrine
Osmosis:
Example of IMPERMEANT solute
Glucose (effective osmole)
Osmosis:
Example of PERMEANT solute
Urea (ineffective osmole)
Osmosis:
Effective osmole used in the treatment of brain edema
Mannitol
Osmosis:
Osmotic pressure from large molecules (proteins)
Oncotic pressure
Osmosis:
Weight of the volume of a solution divided by weight of equal volume of distilled (pure) water.
Specific gravity
Transport Mechanisms:
Why is “Secondary” active transport called as such?
It indirectly relies on the Na-K-ATPase pump
Transport Mechanisms:
What are the characteristics of active transport?
Saturation:
Tm occurs ONCE all transporters are used
Transport Mechanisms:
What are the characteristics of active transport?
Stereospecificity:
Recognizes D or L forms
Transport Mechanisms:
What are the characteristics of active transport?
Competition:
Chemically-related solutes may compete
Which is faster in Low Solute Concentration:
Facilitated > Simple
Which is faster in High Solute Concentration:
Simple > Facilitated
Transport Mechanisms:
Ca-ATPase pump in the cell membrane
PMCA
Transport Mechanisms:
Ca-ATPase pump in the Sarcoplasmic reticulum & endoplasmic reticulum
SERCA
Transport Mechanisms:
Functions of the Na-K-ATPase pump
Prevents Cellular Swelling
Contributes to Resting Membrane Potential (RMP)
Functional subunit by Na-K-ATPase pump inhibited by Cardiac Glycosides
Alpha Subunit
In all epithelial cells, Na-K-ATPase pump is found in the baso-lateral side EXCEPT:
Choroid Plexus
Why RBC’s swell when chilled?
Dec ATP Synthesis-> Dec activity of Na-K-ATPase pump
What are the various indicator molecules?
ECF:
Inulin
Mannitol
What are the various indicator molecules?
Plasma:
124 I-Labeled Albumin
