Special Topics Flashcards
1
Q
Stage 1 pressure ulcer
A
- Skin is intact
- Non blanchable redness
2
Q
Stage 2 pressure ulcer
A
- partial thickness
- Shallow open wound with red/pink wound bed
- No slough present (white/yellow dead tissue)
3
Q
Stage 3 pressure ulcer
A
- full thickness skin loss
- Subcutaneous fat may be visible
- Bone, tendon, and muscle are NOT visible
- Slough may be present but able to see depth of injury
- May have undermining and or tunneling
4
Q
stage 4 pressure injury
A
- Exposed bone, tendon or muscle
- Presence of slough or eschar
- Often includes tunneling and undermining
5
Q
unstageable
A
full thickness skin loss, depth unknown
6
Q
deep tissue injury
A
depth unknown
Discolored, intact skin or blood filled blister from pressure or shear
7
Q
Gait speed interpretation for ambulation status
A
- ≤ 0.4 m/s = household walker
- 0.4 - 0.8 m/s = limited community ambulator
- 0.8 - 1.2 m/s = community ambulator
- ≥ 1.2 m/s = cross street and normal walking speed
8
Q
Meningiomas
A
- Benign tumors that arise from the meninges of the brain or SC
- Grow slowly and reach a large size before affecting function
9
Q
Gliomas
A
- Tumors that arises from any of the glial cells of the brain
- astrocytoma, oligodendrocytoma, ependymomas
10
Q
Grade 1 tumor
A
- Benign / non cancerous
- Slow growing
- Usually associated with long term survival
- Rare in adults
11
Q
Grade 2 tumor
A
- Relatively slow growing
- May spread to nearby healthy tissues
- May be recurring as grade 2 or higher grade tumor
12
Q
Grade 3 tumor
A
-Malignant / cancerous
-Actively reproduces abnormal cells
-Spreads to nearby tissues
If removed, they often returns as a higher grade tumor
13
Q
Grade 4 tumor
A
- Most malignant
- Fast growing
- Easily spread to normal tissue
- Tumor has the ability to form new blood vessels to maintain rapid growth
- Tumor has areas of dead cells in the center
14
Q
Signs and symptoms of CNS tumor in brain
A
- Brain: increased ICP (HA, nausea/vomiting, blurred vision, balance problem, personality changes, sz, drowsiness), impairments based on location
15
Q
Signs and symptoms of CNS tumor in the SC
A
- SC: UMN and LMN signs nerve root pain, B&B changes
16
Q
birth - 3 months
A
- Alternates kicking legs while on back
- Produces cooing sounds
- Begins to develop smile and imitates facial expression
- 2 months: Able to hold head at 45 degrees in prone
- Begins to hold head in midline and track objects with eyes
- Primitive reflexes are still present
17
Q
4 - 6 months
A
- Able to roll to side and able to roll tummy to back (4-5 months)
- Able to roll back to tummy (6 months)
- Bears weight on elbow/ hands while on tummy
- Begins to sit without arms for brief periods
- Begins to imitate sounds
- May begin eating cereal or pureed foods
- Postural reflexes develop
18
Q
7 - 9 months
A
- Able to sit independently
- Begins to creep (hands and knees) as primary means of –Pull to stand with arms
- Uncontrolled drop from stand to sit
- Able to drop objects on purpose
- Inferior pincer grasp
- Begins to look at familiar objects when named
- Thumb more active in grasping
- 9 months: Cruises along furniture
19
Q
10 -12 months
A
- Lowers self from standing with legs
- Begins to playin squat position
- May take first steps with wide base
- Able to kneel independently
- Begins to use objects appropriately
- Fine pincer grasp
- Finger feeds self
20
Q
13 -15 months
A
- Beings to walk
- Can stack two objects
- Begins using spoon
- Scribbles
21
Q
16 - 19 months
A
- Walks up steps with HHA and 2 feet to step
- Walks backwards
- Removes clothing
- Drinks from cup unassisted
- Stacks 4 objects
- Can kick stationary ball
- Carries toys while walking
22
Q
20 -23 months
A
- Can walk down steps with HHA and 2 feet per step
- Jumps in place
- Shows strong independence
- Imitates domestic tasks
- Stacks 6 objects
23
Q
2 years old
A
- Jumps on 2 feet
- Handedness established
- Uses fork
- Follows 2 step commands
- 2 work phrases
24
Q
3 years old
A
- Ascends stairs with alternating feet
- Pedals tricycle
- Turns pages of books
- Toilet trained
25
Q
4 years old
A
- Hops on one foot
- Descends stairs with alternating feet
- Able to do buttons
- Tells stories
26
Q
5 years old
A
- Skips
- Balances on one foot for 10 seconds
- Draw a person
- Tripod pencil grasp
- Independent in all ADLs
27
Q
Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2)
A
- norm-referenced and criterion-referenced
- birth (full term) - 7 yo
- Assesses gross and fine motor skills
28
Q
Gross motor function measure (GMFM)
A
- Criterion- referenced
- 5 months - 16 years old
- Used to detect change over time in children in CP. Also validated for down syndrome
- Assesses gross motor skills
29
Q
Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency (BOTMP)
A
- Norm referenced
- 4.5 - 14.5 yo
- Assesses gross and fine motor skills (no cognitive testing)
