Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Con II > Special Topics > Flashcards

Special Topics Flashcards

1
Q

what is cancer related fatigue

A

-associated w surgery, chemom, raidation
-cumulative
-does not improve with rest
-limits quality of life
-affects ability to concentrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the subjective and objective compponents of CRF

A

-physical: weak/tired
-mood: depression/anxiety
-motvation: lack of
-cognition: slow
-social: reduced ability to sustain relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how do you screen fatigue

A

-fatigue thermometer
-one item fatigue scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a 0 on the ECOG scale

A

normal activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a 1 on the ECOG scale

A

symptoms demonstrated, but pt remainds ambulatory and able to perform self care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a 2 on the ECOG scale

A

ambulatory >50% of the time and requires occasional assistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a 3 on the ECOG scale

A

ambulatory <50% of the time and requires nursing care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a 4 on the ECOG scale

A

bedridden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a 5 on the ECOG scale

A

death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

on the Karnofsky performance status scale, which number range is normal?

A

80-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

on the Karnofsky performance status scale, which number range is unable to work/able to live at home and care for most personal needs/minimal assistance?

A

50-70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

on the Karnofsky performance status scale, which number range is unable to care for self/progressive disease?

A

0-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what should the exercise intensity be for CRF?

A

50-70% max HR
Borg 12-14
modified borg: 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what should the strength intensity be for CRF?

A

30-50% 1RM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how long should CRF workout?

A

accumulate 30 min most days per week
at least 3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what cautions should you watch for w cancer?

A

-bone metastases
-thrombocytopenia
-anemia
-neutropenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is an osteolytic lesion

A

cancer has caused bone breakdown or thinning; destroys bone material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is an osteoblastic lesion

A

cancer has caused overproduction of bone cells which makes them rigid and inflexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

talk about spinal cord compression

A

-primary or secondary disease spreads to the vertebra and impinges on the spinal column
-etiologies: vertebreal collapse, direct invasion, prolonged compression can disrupt vascular supply

signs and symp:
-back pain
-motor> sensory changes
-bowel/bladder
-DTR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is post prostatectomy incontinence

A

-immediately after catheter removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the norms for RBC

A

M: 4.7-5.5
F: 4.1-4.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the norms for WBC

A

4,500-11,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the norms for hemoglobin

A

M: 14.4-16.6
F: 12.2-14.7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the norms for hematocrit

A

M: 43-49
F: 38-44

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the norms for platelets

A

150,000-350,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is plasma

A

liquid part of blood 55%
-pale yellow made of 91% water

colloid: liquid containing suspended substacnes that dont settle out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what does albumin do

A

important in regulation of water movement between tissues and blood

28
Q

what do globulins do

A

immune system and transport molecules

29
Q

what do clotting factors/fibringogen do

A

responsible for formation of blood clots

30
Q

what makes up formed elements

A
  1. RBC
  2. WBC: granulocytes and agranulocytes
  3. thrombocytes
31
Q

talk about erythrocytes

A

componenets: hemoglobin, lipids, ATP, carbonic

function:
-transport oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
-acid base balance

32
Q

what is mild anemia

A

> 10-11.9
therapy as indicated; no precautions

33
Q

what is moderate anemia

A

8-9.9
-decreased cardio reserve/endurance
-monitor VS closely
-patient symptoms: exercise intolerance/DOE/tachycardia/pallor

34
Q

what is severe anemia

A

<7-8
-therapy may be contraindicated
-blood transfucsion

<5=increased risk of cardiac event

35
Q

what is hematocrit

A

ratio of volume of RBC to total volume of blood

36
Q

what is a crtiical value for hematocirt

A

<25%

37
Q

what are the signs of anemai

A

weakness, fatigue, dyspnea
tachycardia., pallor

38
Q

what are some transfusion reactions

A
  1. febrile non-hemolytic reaction=most common, fever, chills SOB
  2. acute hemolytic reaction-rapid destruction of donor erythrotyes= decreasing H&H
  3. anaphlactic reaction
  4. transfuction associated acute lung injury
39
Q

talk about thrombocytes

A

-small fragments of megakaryocytes
-platelets contain granules that are secreted in response to activation
-important in preventing blood loss= platelet plugs

40
Q

what value is thrombocytopenia

A

<150,000

41
Q

what value is thrombocytosis

A

> 350,000

42
Q

what can you do for exercise when thrombocytopenia is 50,000-149,999?

A

low intensity

43
Q

what can you do for exercise when thrombocytopenia is 30,000-50,000?

A

not associated w spontaneous bleeding
-AROM exercise, walking

44
Q

what can you do for exercise when thrombocytopenia is <10,000-20,000?

A

risk of spontaneous bleeding
therapy contraindicated

45
Q

what can you do for exercise wtih thrombocytosis

A

no distinct rec
-increased risk of bleeding

46
Q

what is VTE

A

disease that includes both DVT and PE

3rd most common CV illness

47
Q

what is Wells criteria for PE

A
  1. prevoius PE or DVT
  2. heart >100 bpm
  3. recent surgery within past 4 weeks or immobilization >3 days
  4. clinical signs of DVT
  5. alternative diagnosis less likely than PE
  6. hemoptysis
  7. malignancy/cancer
48
Q

what are the hallmark clinical features of a PE

A
  1. tachypnea (16 breahs per minute or greater)
  2. tachycardia
  3. sudden onset dyspnea
  4. chest pain

call 911, if you suspect PE

49
Q

what are the other features to consider with a PE?

A
  1. hypotension, dizzy, lighthead
  2. desaturation
  3. cough
50
Q

what are the long term complications of a DVT

A

-venous stasis syndrome
-venous ulcer

51
Q

what are the long term compilcations of a PE

A

-chronic thromboembolic disease/pulmonary hypertension
-post PE syndrome

52
Q

what is post thrombotic syndrome

A

-developts in 20-50% of patients within 1-2 years
-severete PTS results in venous stasis ulcers

53
Q

what are common symptoms of post thrombotic syndrome

A

-pain: heaviness, cramps, itching, tingling
-aggravated by standing or walking

physical exam:
-edema, hyperpigmentation, varicostiies

54
Q

what are the risk factors for PTS

A

-proximal DVT
-recurrent DVT
-prolonged symptoms
-obseity
-inadequate coagulation

55
Q

what are the functions of the lymphatic system

A

-tissue drainage
-fat transport
-immune responses

56
Q

how does lymph move

A

-lymphatic vessel contraction
-skeletal muscle contraction compression to lymph vessels

57
Q

what is lymphedemea

A

-accumulation of protein rich fluid; often in extremities
-injury/blockage to lymphatic vessels
-surgery, radiation, tumor
-acute or chronic

tx:
-surgery
-complete decongestive therapy
-pressure garments and pumps

58
Q

define edema

A

excess fluid in body tissues which is a result of abnormal leakage of fluid across capillaries from the plasma to interstitial spaces

59
Q

define lymphedema

A

abnormal accumulation of protein rich fluid in the interstitium and often accompanised by reactive fibrosis and skin changes

60
Q

what is stage 0 of lymphedema

A

latent, sub clinical

61
Q

what is stage 1 of lymphedema

A

spontaneously reversib le
-present during day but not at night
-no skin changes
-pitting starts bertween stage 1 and 2

62
Q

what is stage 2 of lymphedema

A

spontaneously irreversible
-does not fully reduce overnight
-skin hard
-+ Stemmers sign, swelling

63
Q

what is stage 3 of lymphedema

A

change in limb morphoolohy
more advanced skin changes

64
Q

which stages of lymphedema requires intervention

A

stages 2 and 3
-increased risk of cellulitis
-diuretics aren’t helpful

65
Q

how is lymphedema treated

A

complete decongestive therapy (CDT)
-manual lymph drainage
-bandagin
-compression
-exercise
-self care

Med Con II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions