Special Tests

Question 1

Dermatomes

Answer 1

Sensory nerve distribution, anesthesia, paresthesia

Question 2

T12 D

Answer 2

Superior to inguinal ligament

Question 3

L1 D

Answer 3

Mid lumbar region, superior/lateral buttock and thigh below inguinal ligament

Question 4

L2 D

Answer 4

Lower lumbar region, posterolateral superior buttock, and anterior medial 1/3 of thigh

Question 5

L3 D

Answer 5

Lower lumbar region, posterior/lateral superior buttock, anterior thigh to medial knee

Question 6

L4 D

Answer 6

Posterior sacrum, posterior/lateral buttock, posterior/lateral thigh, anterior/medial lower leg, dorsum/medial foot/great toe

Question 7

L5 D

Answer 7

Posterior sacrum, posterior/lateral inferior buttock, posterior/lateral thigh, anterior and posterior/lateral lower leg, dorsum of foot and toes

Question 8

S1-S2 D

Answer 8

Posterior inferior buttock, posterior thigh and lower leg, plantar and lateral aspect of foot and toes

Question 9

S3-S4 D

Answer 9

Saddle area and inner thigh

Question 10

Myotome

Answer 10

muscles innervated by a specific nerve root level

Question 11

T12 - L1 M

Answer 11

Quadratus lumborum

Question 12

L1-L4 M

Answer 12

Hip flexion

Question 13

L1 - L3 M

Answer 13

Iliacus

Question 14

L2 - L3 M

Answer 14

Hip adduction - Adductor Longus, brevis, magnus, gracilis, pectineus, sartorius

Question 15

L2-S1 M

Answer 15

Hip internal rotation

Question 16

L3 - L4 M

Answer 16

Knee extension - Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius

Question 17

L4 M

Answer 17

Tibilias Anterior

Question 18

L4-L5 M

Answer 18

Hip adbuction, ankle dorsiflexion - gluteus medius, maximus, TFL

Question 19

L5 M

Answer 19

Toe extension - extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus

Question 20

L5-S1 M

Answer 20

Hip extension, knee flexion, ankle eversion - fibularies longus and brevis, semitendinosus, extensor digitorum brevis, bceps femoris, gluteus max

Question 21

L4-S2 M

Answer 21

Ankle Inversion

Question 22

S1-S2 M

Answer 22

Hip ER, Ankle plantarflexion, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, gastroc, soleus, foor intrinsics, piriformis

Question 23

Reflexes (grading)

Answer 23

0/2+ = arereflexia
1+ = hypo
2+ = normal
3+ = hyper
4+ = markedly hyper

Question 24

Reflexes to do

Answer 24

L2/L3 = adductor Magnus
L3/L4 = Quadriceps
L4 = Glut min
L5/S1 = Semimembranosus/tendinosus
S1 = Gastroc

Question 25

Upper motor neuron reflexes

Answer 25

Babinski

Clonus

Question 26

Babinski

Answer 26

Stroke lateral border from calcaneum to head of 5th metatarsal to head of 1st metatarsal
Upward movement of great toe and splaying of others = positive

Question 27

Clonus

Answer 27

Quick stretch into ankle dorsiflexion - repetitive tremor indicates positive test

Question 28

Tests for directional Preference to determine cent/periph - For who and what are they

Answer 28

LBP with radiating pain
Repeated Lumbar Flexion
Repeated Lumbar Extension

Question 29

Repeated Lumbar Flexion

Answer 29

Cent/Periph

Standing or Supine - bring knees (or one) to chest

Question 30

Repeated Lumbar Extension

Answer 30

Cent/Periph

Prone- on elbows and then to hands

Question 31

Tests of Lumbar Stability - for who, what are they

Answer 31

LBP with movement coordination impairment
Farfans Torsion Test
Test of Anterior Lumbar Spinal Stability
Prone Instability Test
Posterior Pelvic Pain Provocation Test (POSH)

Question 32

Farfans Torsion Test

Answer 32

Stability
A test of passive structures - facet joint, capsule, interspinous ligament, neural arch, longitudinal ligaments, and IV disc
Patient is prone -examiner stabilizes ribe and lower thoracic/upper lumbar spine with one hand and places other hand under ant aspect of ilium
Examiner pulls ilium backward causing the spine to rotate
Positive if excessive motion is detected ans sx are reproduced
Repeat on both sides

Question 33

Test of Anterior Lumbar Spinal Stability

Answer 33

Stability
Patient is side lying with hips flexed to 70 degrees and knees flexed, Examiner palpates spinous processes at the level to be tested, examiner pushes patient’s knees in line of the femur
Palpate for excessive morvement of spinous processes relative to SP below and inquire about sx reproduction

Question 34

Prone Instability Test

Answer 34

Stability
Patient prone, trunk resting on plinth with feet on floor
Apply PA to painful segment
Ask patient to lift feet off floor
Re-apply PA at same segment
If sx dec - test is positive and patient will benefit from stabilization exercises

Question 35

Posterior Pelvic Pain Provocation Test (POSH) Posterior Shear Test

Answer 35

Stability
Patient is supine, passively flex hip to 90 degrees, apply force through longitudinal axis of femur
Test is positive for patient who experiences deep pain in gluteal area - indicitive that they could benefit from stablization exercises