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Histology Exam 3 > Special Senses - Ear > Flashcards

Special Senses - Ear Flashcards

0
Q

What supports the auditory meatus

A

Laterally - cartilage , medially temporal bone

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1
Q

Where does sound go from the Pinna

A

It goes from the pinna to the auditory meatus to the tympanic membrane

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2
Q

What lines the auditory meatus

A

A think skin that also lines the tympanic membrane. It has modified sweat glands that secrete waxy cerumen

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3
Q

What is in the middle layer of the tympanic membrane

A

The stroma has two layer of collagen fibers

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4
Q

Are the collagen fibers of the tympanic membrane radial or ciruclar

A

Some are both

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5
Q

What covers the internal layer of the tympanic membrane

A

Simple epithelium like the rest of the middle ear

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6
Q

What is the pars tensa

A

tough part of the tympanic membrane where is attached the middle ear bone the malleus

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7
Q

What s the pars flaccida?

A

A part of tympanic membrane with less collagen and thus reduces stiffness. where most eardrum ruptures occur.

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8
Q

What lines the external part of the tympanic membrane?

A

A thin layer of epidermis (like the auditory meatus) but it does not have hair or glands.

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9
Q

What bone is the middle ear in

A

it is essentially just a space within the temporal bone

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10
Q

What kind of cell lines the middle ear

A

simple squamous mostly (some simple cuboidal)

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11
Q

What connects the middle ear to the inner ear

A

Oval and Round windows

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12
Q

What does the auditory (eustachian) tube connect

A

the middle ear to the nasopharynx, how people get middle ear infections

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the ossicles

A

transmit vibrations from outer to inner ear

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14
Q

Which ossicle is attached to the tympanic membrnae? what muscle innervates it

A

Malleus, innervated by the tensor tympani

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15
Q

Which ossicle is in the middle? Which muscle innervates it

A

Incus, None

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16
Q

Which ossicle leads to the canal to the inner ear? which muscle innervates it

A

Stapes, Stapedius Muscle

- it’s foot fits into the oval window

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17
Q

What are the two muscles that innervate the ossicles? What is their function

A

Tensor Tympani, Stapedius Muscle

-dampen oscillations of the bones, reducing amplitudes from loud noises.

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18
Q

Which part of the ear is the sensory apparatus for hearing and balance

A

Inner Ear

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19
Q

WHat is the inner ear? What fluid is contained within that

A

Bony labryinth filled with perilymph

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20
Q

What are the three parts of the bony labryinth

A

semicircular canals, vestibule, cochlea

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21
Q

Where is the membranous labryinth

A

within the bony labryinth

22
Q

What is the membranous labryinth

A

system of sacs and ducts filled with Endolymph

23
Q

What are the two sacs within the membranous labryrinth

A

Saccule and Utricle

24
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the membranous labryinth

A

Continuous sheet of simple squamous epithelium

25
Q

What are the specialized regions of epithelium within the inner ear? Where do you find them

A

In the membranous labryinth we find hair cells. Found at the organ of corti of the cochlear duct, maculae of the Urticle and Sacule sacs and the christae of semicircular ducts

26
Q

What are the hair cells

A

columnar epithelial cells that either have sterocilia (usually 50-100(or a single kinocilium (usually just one)

27
Q

What causes depolarization in the inner ear

A

Differential movement of the hair cells relative to the endolymph results in bending of the hairs and thus depolarization

28
Q

What iare the tips of the sterociliar and kinocilia embedded in?

A

an overlying gelatinous mass which is surrounded by endolymph

29
Q

How many semicircular ducts are there

A

3 within the semicircular canal

30
Q

What structures determine the position and motion of the head and maintain balance

A

The vestibular component of the inner ear

31
Q

What is the part of the sacs that has hair cells

A

The macula , there is one in the utricle, and one in the saccule.

32
Q

How are the semicircular canals oriented?

A

one horizontal, one frontal and one saggital

33
Q

Which sac are the semicircular canals continous with

A

The utricle

34
Q

Where are the ampullae in the semicircular ducts

A

Near the utricle. where there are sensory units, the cristae ampullaris

35
Q

What are type 1 hair cells

A

contacted by a large nerve fiber ending that surrounds the base of the cell

36
Q

what are type 2 hair cells

A

Have nerve connectinons from several smaller nerve fibers by small terminal boutons.

37
Q

WHat is the otolithic membrane

A

The overlying gelatinous mass. It contains calcium carbonate particles called otoliths (the mass of these helps form the force that causes depolarization)

38
Q

Are the cristae ampullaris region or the maculae region sesitive to rotational movement?

A

cristae ampullaris

39
Q

Are the cristae ampullaris region or the maculae region sesitive to static or linear acceleration of the head

A

Maculae

40
Q

What shape is the crista ampullaris

A

cone shaped cupula

41
Q

What are the three layers of the cochlear duct

A 
Stria Vascularis (external layer)
Vestibular membrane ( superior layer)
Basilar membrane ( inferior layer)
42
Q

What layer of the cochlear duct attaches to the bony cochlea

A

Stria Vascularis

43
Q

Where do you find the vestibular membrane of the cochlear duct

A

It separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli. the superior layer .

44
Q

What does the basilar membrane of the cochlear duct do

A

It separates cochelar duct from the Dcala tympani and supports the organ of corti

45
Q

Is endolymph or perilymph in the cochlear duct?

A

Endolymph

46
Q

Is endolymph or perilymph in the scala vestibuli and scala tympani?

A

perilymph (they are technically part of the bony labryinth)

47
Q

What are the hair cells like at the organ of corti

A

Some have sterocilia but there is no Kinocilia
There is a row of hair cells closer to the central axis of the cochlea called inner hair cells and then 3 rows of cells further out called outer hair cells (U shaped) both cells are surrounded by the tectorial membrane

48
Q

What is the tectorial membrane

A

gelatinous mass that surrounds the organ of corti cells.

49
Q

Which membrane layer of the cochlear duct has the organ of corti

A

The basilar membrane

50
Q

What causes otis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear cavity caused by an upper respiratory tract infection that extends from the nasopharynx. ear tubes if recurring

51
Q

What causes osteosclerosis

A

Formation of extra bone between stapes and the oval window which results in progressive deafness. an autosomal dominant hereditary defect

52
Q

What causes sensory hair cell toxicity

A

drug induced irreversible damage of vestibular or cochlear sensory cells, drugs include antibiotics, diuretics, nitrogen mustard, antimalarial drugs

53
Q

Which are the first cells to be damaged with noise induced hearing loss

A

external hair cells of the organ of corti, a loss of sensory cells is followed by deformation, swelling and disintegration of the hair cells. progressive injury damages supporting cells.

Histology Exam 3 (5 decks)

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