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Histology Exam 3 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Are arteries or veins more fibrous? Which one carries high pressure blood

A

Veins are more fibrous. arteries carry high pressure blood

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2
Q

What is the outer layer of arteries or veins

A

Tunica adventitia/externa

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3
Q

What makes up tunica adventitia

A

connective tissue of collagen fibers, smooth muscle in veins, vasa vasorum and nerves

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4
Q

What is the vasa vasorum

A

nourishing blood vessels, venules and arterioles

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5
Q

What is the orientation of fibers of the tunica adventitia

A

longitudinal

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6
Q

what is the middle layer of vessels

A

tunica media

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7
Q

what makes up the tunica media

A

smooth muscle cells and elastictissue (especially in large elastic arteris like the aorta)

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8
Q

what orientation is the tunica media

A

circumfrential

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9
Q

what is the inner layer of vessel

A

tunica intima

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10
Q

What lines the tunica intmia

A

endothelial cells (and internal elastic membrane for muscular arteries)

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11
Q

Does every vessel have a a thick internal elastic membrnae? where is it?

A

nope just muscular arteries between the tunica intima and media

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12
Q

Between companion arteries and veins which have a thicker wall?
a wider lumen?

A

veins have a thinner wall and a wider lumen

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13
Q

When comparing veins and artieries which one has a more promiment t.a and which t.m

A

veins - tunica adventitia and arteries t.m.

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14
Q

Where would an external elastic membrane be found

A

between t.a. and t.m. in muscular arteries.

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15
Q

What is the equivalent layers in the hear

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

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16
Q

what is in the myocardium

A

thick layer of cardiac muscle cells (as opposed to smooth muscle cells)

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17
Q

The valves of the heart are made of which layer?

A

elaboration of the endocardium

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18
Q

How big is a large artery? medium? small? arteriole?

A

large: greater than 1 cm
medium: 2-10mm
small: 0.1-2mm
arteriole: 10-100um

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19
Q

Where is the vasa vasorum

A

tunica adventitia

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20
Q

where do the degenerative processes of arteries happen(which layers)

A

t. intima and t. media

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21
Q

In medium arteries do you see elastic tissue in the TM

A

no

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22
Q

WHat part of arterioles places a role in blood pressure

A

muscular layer, contraction raises resistance to blood flow and relaxation can increase blood flow (like to the gi system after a meal)

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23
Q

How many layers thick is the tunica media or small arteries and arterioles? do they both have collagen fibers

A

small arteries is 8-10 cell layer and arterioles are 1-2 cell layers
only small arteries shows collagen gibers not arterioles

24
Q

DO small arteries or arterioles have an internal elastic membrnae

A

small arteries do but arterioles do not

25
Q

what is the TA of arterioles like

A

thin ill defined sheath of CT

26
Q

What is arteriosclerosis? what layers

A

rigidity and fibrosis of the vascular walls in elastic and muscular arteries. it is an accumulation of collagen and elastic fibers in the TI and loss of smooth muscle and elastic fibers in the TM (instead you see collagen fibers and mineral salts)

27
Q

What happens to the TI in slides with arteriosclerosis

A

you see displaces lines of elastin and cracks radiating from the lumen

28
Q

what is atherosclerosis? what layer?

A

deposition of plaques in the TI of large and medium arteries. it affects major blood vessels
-slow progressive accumulaiton of lipids and then accelerated accumulation of smooth muscle cells and collagen
then you can get thrombosis and hematoma

29
Q

With atherosclerosis do you only see an accumulation of lipid?

A

first you see lipid accumulation then you see an accumulation of smooth cells and collagen as it gets worse

30
Q

In someone with atherosclerosis what does the TI look like

A

it is greatly thickened

31
Q

What is an aneurysm

A

ballooning of an artery due to the breakdown of the arterial wall

32
Q

What size are most named veins

A

medium veins

33
Q

How big are medium veins, small veins and venules?

A

large: greater than 1 cm
medium: 1-10 nm
small 0.1-1mm
venule 10-100 um

34
Q

What is the most pronounced layer in a large vein?

A

TA extensive vasa vasorum, large smooth muscle bundle, clusters of collagen fibers

35
Q

Do capillaries have all the layers seen in other vessels

A

No, it is a single layer of endothelail cells and their basal lamina

36
Q

where do the vasodialating/constricting agents like Nitrous Oxide have effects to control blood flow

A

muscular arteries

37
Q

What are metaarterioles

A

final arterial step before capillaries , they have smooth muscle cells that act as pre capillary sphincters

38
Q

What type of cell lines capillaries? junctions between them

A

simple squamous endothelial with tight junctions

39
Q

Where are pericytes

A

surround the capillary wall but techinically not a part of the wall

40
Q

What is the function of pericytes

A

‘stem cells’ for the vascular system and can make endothelial , smooth muscle cells and more pericytes

41
Q

What are the three types of capillaries

A

continous, fenestrated, sinusoidal

42
Q

Which is three capillary types have the widest lumen

A

sinusoidal

43
Q

Where do you find continuous capillaries

A

muscle, skin, nervous and connective tissue

where movement is highly regulated

44
Q

What;s the identifying feature in continuous capillaries

A

pinocytotic vessicles (microvesicles)

45
Q

Whats a pinocyte

A

a microvesicle found in continuous capillary and fenestrated that transports things across the endothelial wall

46
Q

Where do you find fenestrated capillaries

A

GI, kidney, endocrine glands

47
Q

In fenestrated capillaries are the pores covered?

A

they may be covered by thin membranes or diaphragms which are thinner than a plasmalemma.

48
Q

Are there microvesicles in fenestrated capillaries

A

yes

49
Q

where do you find sinusoidal capillaries

A

liver, bone marrow, and lymph organs

50
Q

Is the basal lamina continuous in all three kinds of capillaries

A

no it is not in sinusoidal.

51
Q

What is the space of disse

A

perisinusoidal space in liver between hepatocytes and capillaries that is filled with plasma into which microvilli extend to absorb molecules.

52
Q

What are the two routes of movement across capillaries

A

large or small pore system

53
Q

how big is the small pore system?

A

9-11 nm think they are discontinuities between endothelial cell jxns

54
Q

WHat is the diameter of large pores

A

50-70 nm.

55
Q

What are examples of large pore movement

A

fenestrae and microvesicles

56
Q

What lumen do microvesicle open at

A

lumen or exterior side (abluminal) of the endothelial cells.

Histology Exam 3 (5 decks)

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