Special Senses Flashcards
What are the 4 special senses?
1.) smell ( olfaction)
2.) taste (gustation)
3.) vision
4.) hearing and equilibrium
What are the primitive senses designed to inform us of external stimuli?
Smell and taste
What sense provides the most direct link to the environment?
Smell
List the pathway for smell
Paired olfactory nerves———>olfactory bulbs in brain——->olfactory tracts
——-> olfactory area of cerebrum in the temporal lobe
What are the 5 distinct taste sensations and what they mean?
1.) sweet= high energy
2.) salty= need to replace electrolytes
3.) bitter= poison or spoiled food
4.) sour= unripe
5.) umami= meaty or savory
What are the receptors for taste called? where are they located?
Gustatory receptor cells.
They are located in the taste buds.
Where are taste buds found?
Soft palate
Pharynx
Papillae
More than half of the sensory receptors in the body are located ____?
In the eye
What are important structures of the eye and what is their purpose?
1.) eyelids- shade the eye during sleep, protect from excessive light, spread lubrication
2.) eyebrows& lashes: protect from sweat and foreign objects
3.) lacrimal apparatus: produces and drains lacrimal fluid
This is a Delicate membrane covering the sclera and inside the eyelid, can swell with allergies
Conjunctiva
This structure is a fluid filled chamber located between the cornea and lens that nourishes the lens
Aqueous chamber
This structure regulated the diameter of the pupil
Iris
This is a touch connective tissue that layers the eyeball
Sclera
These receptors are responsible for black and white vision in dim light and detects shape and movement
Rods
These receptors are responsible for interpreting colour
Cones
This structure is in the centre of the retina and the greatest visual activity happens here.
Macula lutea
______ is the minimum distance you can focus on an object. It increases as you age and is called______.
Near point accommodation ( usually 10 cm as a child)
Presbyopia
The increased curvature of lens for near vision is called______?
Accommodation
This is another word for nearsited
Myopic
This is another word for far sighted
Hyperopic
What is the visual pathway?
Retina—-> optic nerve—->optic chiasm—->optic tracts—->occipital lobe
(Image is upside down and reverses and the cerebral cortex sorts it out)
What are the 3 parts to the ear?
1.) external ear
2.) middle ear
3.) inner ear
What makes up the external ear?
1.) auricle ( pinna)
2.) external auditory canal (meatus)
3.) eardrum (tympanic membrane)
What makes up the middle ear?
1.) auditory ossicles ( malleus incus stapes)
2.) oval window ( separates middle ear from inner ear)
3.) auditory or eustation tube (joins middle ear to pharynx)
What makes up the inner ear?
Contains the bony labyrinth which consists of:
1.) vestibule ( composed of utricle and saccule)
2.) semicircular canals
3.) cochlea ( for hearing)
List the pathway for hearing?
External ear canal ( pinna)—-> ear drum—->middle ear bones ( malleus incus stapes)
——> stapes flexes the oval window in the fluid filled cochlea
——>waves of pressure flow through fluid ( outer peri lymph and inner endolymph)
——> the wave vibrates the organ or corgi with its hair cells
——> hair movemtn transforms into electrical signals which travel to —-> vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain
What receptor structures are involves in equilibrium?
1.) saccule
2.) utricle
3.) semicircular canals with ducts
What are the 2 types of equilibrium?
1.) static
2.) dynamic
What is the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium?
Static: maintenance of the position of body/head relative to force of gravity
Dynamic: maintenance of of position of body/head in response to sudden mvmt
