Blood

Question 1

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

Answer 1

1.) blood
2.) heart
3.) vessels

Question 2

What is blood made of?

Answer 2

45% Formed elements ( cells and platelets)
55% plasma

Question 3

What are 3 functions of blood?

Answer 3

1.) transport ( gases, wastes, nutrients, vitamins, fluid, heat)
2.) regulation ( PH, temperature, water, osmotic pressure)
3.) protection ( blood clots, white blood cells)

Question 4

What is the average blood volume of a male vs a female?

Answer 4

Male = 5-6 litres
Female= 4-5 litres

Question 5

What is plasma?
What is serum?

Answer 5

Plasma is the clear straw coloured liquid portion of blood
Serum is plasma minus the clotting proteins

Question 6

What is plasma composed of?

Answer 6

91.5% water
8.5% solutes ( 7% are plasma proteins, 1.5% are other solutes)

Question 7

what are the 3 major plasma protein types made by the liver?

Answer 7

1.) albumins ( osmotic balance)
2.) globulins ( either antibodies or they bind to drugs and stuff)
3.) clotting or coagulation factors ( big one is fibrinogen)

Question 8

What are the other solutes within plasma?

Answer 8

1.) salts or electrolytes
2.) buffers ( help maintain ph)

3.) organic solutes——> probably wont ask about these
4.) gases

Question 9

What are the most abundant of the formed elements ?

Answer 9

Erythrocytes ( red blood cells)

Question 10

Mature RBCs are non-nucleated. Why?

Answer 10

It permits more space to store hemoglobin ( kicks out the nucleus to make room)

Question 11

Hemoglobin is a protein used to transport _____ and _______?

Answer 11

Carbon dioxide and oxygen

Question 12

Why are RBCs concave?

Answer 12

Allows the cell to be very flexible for passing through capillaries and it increases the surface area to improve gas exchange rates

Question 13

_____ is the formation of RBCs and occurs where?

Answer 13

Erythropoiesis.
Occurs in red bone marrow.

Question 14

What hormone is responsible for making RBCs and where are they produced?

Answer 14

Erythropoietin.
Produced in the kidneys.

Question 15

Luekocytes ( WBCs) are grouped into what 2 gategories?

Answer 15

1.) granulocytes
2.) agranulocytes

Question 16

List 5 types of Leukoctyes

Answer 16

1.) neutrophils ( most abundant) phagocytize bacteria
2.) lymphocytes ( include B cells and T cells and natural killer cells)
3.) monocytes ( found in blood; monocytes within blood macrophages when in tissue space)
4.) eosinophils ( function as phagocytes)
5.) basophils ( contain histamine which intensify the inflammatory response)

Question 17

What cells trigger the clotting cascade?

Answer 17

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 18

What is the formation of clots called?

Answer 18

Hemostasis