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Human Anatomy Unit 4 - Lecture > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What function gives information about the internal and external environment?

A

senses/sensory information

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2
Q

Sensory information is detected by ________ and sent to the ______.

A

receptors, brain

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3
Q

What 2 forms does sensory information come in?

A

general and special sensory information

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4
Q

Touch, pressure, pain, stretch and temperature is a form of what sensory information?

A

general sensory information

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5
Q

Taste, smell, sight, hearing and balance is a form of what sensory information?

A

special sensory information

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6
Q

Sensory receptors have ___________ fields.

A

receptive

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7
Q

What do you call the area of distribution of sensitive ends of the receptor?

A

receptive field

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8
Q

There is an _________ relationship between field
size and the ability to identify the stimulus
location

A

inverse

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9
Q

If the receptive sensory field is _______, precise location is determined easily.

A

small

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10
Q

If the field is _________: only the general region
can be determined

A

broad

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11
Q

What often exists as individual cells or
receptor units in the sensory complex.

A

general sense organs

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12
Q

Are general sense organs widely distributed?

A

yes

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13
Q

What general sense organs detect pain, temperature and pressure?

A

free nerve endings

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14
Q

What general sense organs detect light touch and discriminative touch?

A

tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscle

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15
Q

What general sense organs detect deep pressure?

A

bulbous (Ruffini’s) corpuscle

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16
Q

What general sense organs detect pressure and vibration?

A

lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle

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17
Q

What general sense organs detect light pressure and vibration?

A

(Krause’s) end bulbs

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18
Q

What general sense organs detect light touch?

A

tactile (Merkel) discs

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19
Q

Are special sense organs large and complex?

A

yes

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20
Q

What sensory organs have localized grouping of specialized receptors?

A

special sense organs

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21
Q

Name the 5 special senses.

A

Gustation (taste)
Olfaction (small)
Vision (sight)
Heating (audition)
Equilibrium (balance and acceleration)

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22
Q

What do you call the sense of taste?

A

gustation

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23
Q

What special sense works with olfaction?

A

gustation

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24
Q

What types of cells are taste receptors located in specialized organs?

A

gustatory cells

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25
Q

Taste buds contain what kinds of cells to allow for gustation?

A

gustatory cells

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26
Q

How many gustatory cells are found in taste buds?

A

~40 per taste bud

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27
Q

Taste buds lie alongside
epithelial projections called
__________.

A

papillae

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28
Q

How many types of papillae are found in the epithelial projections that lie alongside taste buds?

A

4

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29
Q

What special sense involves mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors that provide information about texture and temperature?

A

gustation

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30
Q

What type of tongue papillae is made of short spikes on anterior 2/3 of tongue that
lack taste buds?

A

filiform papillae

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31
Q

What type of tongue papillae detect food texture and manipulate food?

A

filiform papillae

32
Q

What type of tongue papillae blocklike projections on tip and sides of tongue that have a few taste buds?

A

fungiform papillae

33
Q

What type of large papillae come in a V formation on the posterior surface of the tongue that contain most of the taste buds?

A

vallate papillae

34
Q

What type of tongue papillae extend as ridges on the lateral tongue?

A

foliate papillae

35
Q

What type of tongue papillae only contains a few taste buds and is found only during childhood?

A

foliate papillae

36
Q

What are the 5 taste sensations?

A

sweet
salty
sour
bitter
umami

37
Q

Organic compounds, such as sugar are processed by what taste senation?

A

sweet

38
Q

Metal ions, such as sodium or potassium are processed by what taste sensation?

A

salt

39
Q

Acids, such as hydrogen ions in vinegar are processed by what taste sensation?

A

sour

40
Q

Alkaloid substances, such as unsweetened
chocolate, nicotine, and caffeine are processed by what taste sensation?

A

bitter

41
Q

Savory substances with a meaty or cheesy
flavor; related to amino acids, such as glutamate
and aspartate are processed by what taste sensation?

A

umami

42
Q

_________ lines the superior region of the nasal cavity.

A

Yellowish olfactory epithelium

43
Q

Can humans distinguish one odor among thousands?

A

yes

43
Q

How often are olfactory receptor cells replaced every _______ days by basal cells?

A

40-60

44
Q

What receptor cells detect dissolved odor molecules?

A

olfactory receptor cells

44
Q

Are olfactory receptors extremely sensitive?

A

yes

45
Q

Are olfactory receptors easily adaptable (fatigue easily)?

A

yes

46
Q

What do you call the “white” of the eye?

A

sclera

47
Q

What do you call the transparent covering over iris?

A

cornea

48
Q

What do you call the mucous membrane covering the sclera (except the cornea)?

A

conjunctiva

49
Q

What do you call the structure that contains tear-producing cells?

A

lacrimal gland

50
Q

What do call the eye chamber containing watery fluid?

A

aqueous humor

51
Q

What do you call the colored part of the eye containing the pupil?

A

iris

52
Q

What do you call the transparent body behind the pupil that focuses light on the retina?

A

lens

53
Q

What eye structure is the chamber of gel-like fluid that causes the eye to be a round shape?

A

vitreous humor

54
Q

What eye structure is the innermost layer of the eye containing photoreceptors that detect light?

A

retina

55
Q

What structure in the retina detects grayscale lightwaves?

A

rods

56
Q

What structure in the retina detects color lightwaves?

A

cones

57
Q

What eye structure lacks photoreceptors, so it cannot form an image?

A

optic disc

58
Q

What eye structure contains the fovea centralis, which forms the sharpest color images?

A

macula lutea

59
Q

Are images in vision a single point?

A

no

60
Q

Image information consist of ________ numbers of individuals points.

A

large

61
Q

In vision the image is ____________ and _________; brain compensates learned from experience.

A

inverted, reversed

62
Q

How many ear region are there?

A

3

63
Q

Name the 3 regions of the ear.

A

external ear, middle ear, inner ear

64
Q

What ear structure funnels sound waves into the canal to the tympanic membrane?

A

external ear

65
Q

The external ear is filled with….

A

air

66
Q

What ear structure transmits and amplifies sound waves?

A

middle ear

67
Q

What ear structure connects tot he nasopharynx through the auditory tube?

A

middle ear

68
Q

The middle ear is filled with….

A

air

69
Q

What ear structure has the cochlea which creates nerve impulses in response to sound waves that move cochlear hair cells?

A

inner ear

70
Q

The inner ear is filled with….

A

fluid

71
Q

What ear structure allows air pressure to equalize on both side of the tympanic membrane for optimal hearing?

A

auditory tube

72
Q

In the ears receptors in the fluid-filled __________ detect rotation and acceleration.

A

semicircular canals

73
Q

In the ears, fluid movement pushes on hair cells that respond by creating __________.

A

nerve impulses

74
Q

Is vision is important to maintaining equilibrium?

A

yes

Human Anatomy Unit 4 - Lecture (5 decks)

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