special senses

Question 1

where are no rods or cones found

Answer 1

blind spot

Question 2

cones function?

Answer 2

color vision

Question 3

rods function

Answer 3

light vision

Question 4

where are the most rods found

Answer 4

retina edges
(peripheral vision)

Question 5

where are the most cones found

Answer 5

fovea

Question 6

how is the eye test numbered
(first 20 and second twenty mean)
20/20

Answer 6

first 20 means how far you are standing
second 20 means how far the average person is standing to see the same vision as you

Question 7

which is worse 20/25 or 20/15

Answer 7

20/25

Question 8

what is myopia

Answer 8

nearsideness
Second number on eye test is bigger than first (20/100)
focused in front of retina

Question 9

Hyperopia

Answer 9

farsightedness
not tested by eye test
focused behind retina

Question 10

Emmetropia

Answer 10

normal vision 20/20
focused correctly on retina

Question 11

3 layers of the eye

Answer 11

fibrous, vascular, sensory

Question 12

whats in fibrous layer

Answer 12

sclera and cornea

Question 13

whats in vascular layer

Answer 13

choroid, ciliary body and iris

Question 14

whats in sensory layer

Answer 14

consists of retina and optic nerve

Question 15

sclera

Answer 15

white of eye- protection (fibrous layer)

Question 16

choroid

Answer 16

provides blood supply to eye and absorbs/prevents light from scattering (vascular layer)

Question 17

fovea centralis

Answer 17

contains only cones; best, most acute day vision is here

Question 18

optic nerve

Answer 18

cranial nerve II- formed from axons of ganglion cells and sends visual information to the brain structures

Question 19

optic disk

Answer 19

“blind spot-“ area where there are no rods and cones, where the optic nerve is exiting the eye

Question 20

vitreous humor
(does it get drained and replaced)

Answer 20

prevents the eyeball from collapsing; found posterior to the lens (you are born with all you will have; it does not get replaced)

Question 21

aqueous humor
(does it get drained and replaced)

Answer 21

maintains the internal pressure of the eye and provides nutrients to the lens and cornea (gets constantly drained and replaced; anterior to lens)

clear watery fluid

Question 22

lens

Answer 22

“focuses” the image on the retina

Question 23

pupil

Answer 23

opening through iris through which light passes

Question 24

iris

Answer 24

regulates the amount of light entering the eye (size of pupil) (part of vascular layer)

Question 25

cornea

Answer 25

protects eye and has lots of nerve endings (pain sensors)- avascular so can be transplated to anyone without rejection

Question 26

ciliary body

Answer 26

changes the shape of the lens for focusing near and far

Question 27

ciliary zonule

Answer 27

attaches the ciliary body muscle to the lens

Question 28

conjunctiva

Answer 28

connects to the outer surface of the eye and secretes mucus to keep the eye moist. ("pink" eye occurs here)

Question 29

lacrimal gland

Answer 29

produces tears to moisten and protect the eye

Question 30

whats in the external (outer) ear

Answer 30

pinna, auditory canal, up to tympanic membrane

Question 31

whats in middle ear

Answer 31

air-filled between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear; contains ossicles (often confused with inner ear)

Question 32

whats in inner ear

Answer 32

bony labyrinth filled with fluid (perilymph)- contains cochlea and semicircular canals

Question 33

pinna

Answer 33

directs sound waves into the auditory canal

Question 34

tympanic membrane

Answer 34

vibrates to transmit sound waves to ossicles

Question 35

auditory canal (external acoustic meatus)

Answer 35

Contains wax to trap foreign bodies and protect against water and insects.

Question 36

ossicles

Answer 36

small bones in the middle ear that transmit sound from the outer ear to the inner ear

Question 37

auditory (eustachian) tube

Answer 37

equalizes pressure between middle ear and atmosphere; is normally closed but swallowing and yawning open it temporarily

Question 38

round window

Answer 38

allows the perilymph (fluid) to transmit the "wave" of sound

Question 39

oval window

Answer 39

transmitting the sound wave to the perilymph (liquid) entrance to inner ear aka vestibule

Question 40

semicircular canals

Answer 40

NOT involved in hearing BALANCE AND SENSORY INFO

Question 41

auditory nerve

Answer 41

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) 6 transmits sound to from the ear to the brain + hearing and balance

Question 42

part of the brain that processes sound

Answer 42

temporal lobe

Question 43

vestibule

Answer 43

transmits sound waves through perilymph (fluid) AND plays a role in balance (static equilibrium) and entrance to inner ear (round window)