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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY > special senses > Flashcards

special senses Flashcards

1
Q

where are no rods or cones found

A

blind spot

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2
Q

cones function?

A

color vision

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3
Q

rods function

A

light vision

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4
Q

where are the most rods found

A

retina edges
(peripheral vision)

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5
Q

where are the most cones found

A

fovea

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6
Q

how is the eye test numbered
(first 20 and second twenty mean)
20/20

A

first 20 means how far you are standing
second 20 means how far the average person is standing to see the same vision as you

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7
Q

which is worse 20/25 or 20/15

A

20/25

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8
Q

what is myopia

A

nearsideness
Second number on eye test is bigger than first (20/100)
focused in front of retina

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9
Q

Hyperopia

A

farsightedness
not tested by eye test
focused behind retina

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10
Q

Emmetropia

A

normal vision 20/20
focused correctly on retina

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11
Q

3 layers of the eye

A

fibrous, vascular, sensory

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12
Q

whats in fibrous layer

A

sclera and cornea

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13
Q

whats in vascular layer

A

choroid, ciliary body and iris

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14
Q

whats in sensory layer

A

consists of retina and optic nerve

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15
Q

sclera

A

white of eye- protection (fibrous layer)

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16
Q

choroid

A

provides blood supply to eye and absorbs/prevents light from scattering (vascular layer)

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17
Q

fovea centralis

A

contains only cones; best, most acute day vision is here

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18
Q

optic nerve

A

cranial nerve II- formed from axons of ganglion cells and sends visual information to the brain structures

19
Q

optic disk

A

“blind spot-“ area where there are no rods and cones, where the optic nerve is exiting the eye

20
Q

vitreous humor
(does it get drained and replaced)

A

prevents the eyeball from collapsing; found posterior to the lens (you are born with all you will have; it does not get replaced)

21
Q

aqueous humor
(does it get drained and replaced)

A

maintains the internal pressure of the eye and provides nutrients to the lens and cornea (gets constantly drained and replaced; anterior to lens)

clear watery fluid

22
Q

lens

A

“focuses” the image on the retina

23
Q

pupil

A

opening through iris through which light passes

24
Q

iris

A

regulates the amount of light entering the eye (size of pupil) (part of vascular layer)

25
Q

cornea

A

protects eye and has lots of nerve endings (pain sensors)- avascular so can be transplated to anyone without rejection

26
Q

ciliary body

A

changes the shape of the lens for focusing near and far

27
Q

ciliary zonule

A

attaches the ciliary body muscle to the lens

28
Q

conjunctiva

A

connects to the outer surface of the eye and secretes mucus to keep the eye moist. (“pink” eye occurs here)

29
Q

lacrimal gland

A

produces tears to moisten and protect the eye

30
Q

whats in the external (outer) ear

A

pinna, auditory canal, up to tympanic membrane

31
Q

whats in middle ear

A

air-filled between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear; contains ossicles (often confused with inner ear)

32
Q

whats in inner ear

A

bony labyrinth filled with fluid (perilymph)- contains cochlea and semicircular canals

33
Q

pinna

A

directs sound waves into the auditory canal

34
Q

tympanic membrane

A

vibrates to transmit sound waves to ossicles

35
Q

auditory canal (external acoustic meatus)

A

Contains wax to trap foreign bodies and protect against water and insects.

36
Q

ossicles

A

small bones in the middle ear that transmit sound from the outer ear to the inner ear

37
Q

auditory (eustachian) tube

A

equalizes pressure between middle ear and atmosphere; is normally closed but swallowing and yawning open it temporarily

38
Q

round window

A

allows the perilymph (fluid) to transmit the “wave” of sound

39
Q

oval window

A

transmitting the sound wave to the perilymph (liquid) entrance to inner ear aka vestibule

40
Q

semicircular canals

A

NOT involved in hearing
BALANCE AND SENSORY INFO

41
Q

auditory nerve

A

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) 6 transmits sound to from the ear to the brain + hearing and balance

42
Q

part of the brain that processes sound

A

temporal lobe

43
Q

vestibule

A

transmits sound waves through perilymph (fluid) AND plays a role in balance (static equilibrium) and entrance to inner ear (round window)

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (10 decks)

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