heart ! ! ! Flashcards
Systolic pressure
pressure in the arteries during ventricular contraction; top number of blood pressure
Diastolic pressure
pressure in the arteries when ventricles are relaxed; bottom number of blood pressure
what can you NOT use to measure blood and why?
Thumb
the artery in your thumb can make it harder to count accurately because it has its own pulse that you may feel.
places to measure pulse
Temporal artery: On the temple in front of your ear.
Carotid artery: On either side of your neck.
Brachial artery: On your upper arm, near the elbow.
Radial and ulnar arteries: On your wrist.
Femoral artery: In the inner thigh.
Popliteal artery: Above the knee, located by holding a bent knee.
what are the two different heart sounds?
The first sound is normally a single sound because bi and tricuspid valve closure occurs almost simultaneously.
The second heart sound represents closure of the semilunar aortic and pulmonary valves.
When taking blood pressure, what does the first number mean? What does the second?
1st #: systolic blood pressure,
2nd #: diastolic blood pressure
effects of high blood pressure
can lead to disability, a poor quality of life, or even a deadly heart attack or stroke.
atherosclerosis
Fatty material (plaque) inside blood vessel; can contribute to heart attacks, strokes and aneurysms
What is an average resting heart rate?
50-220 (resting 60-80)
How high can a heart rate go before it can no longer sustain a beat?
220 minus your age
What are the 5 types of blood vessels?
big to small too
arteries, veins, capillaries, arterioles, and venules.
(aorta) –> arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins –> (vena cava)
Which are the largest? (category)
Arteries
Which are the smallest? (category)
Capillaries
Which is under the most pressure?
arteries because it has to pump blood to the entire body
Which is under the least pressure?
veins because they have valves to prevent back flow, like a short rest before the next heart beat, so, less pressure on the veins.
Which has the slowest blood flow?
Blood flow is slowest in the capillaries, which allows time for exchange of gases and nutrients.
Which type of blood vessel flows the fastest?
arteries
Which has the thickest “wall?”
arteries
which type of blood vessel has valves to prevent backflow
veins
What tissues make up the “wall” of blood vessels?
connective tissue
what kind of muscle is the heart
cardiac muscle
Which vessels usually contain oxygenated blood? What’s the exception?
arteries carry oxygen-rich blood. The exception is the pulmonary arteries (they carry deoxygenated blood to lungs).
Which vessels usually contain deoxygenated blood? What’s the exception?
veins carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart, where it can be sent to the lungs. The exception is the network of pulmonary veins (they carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart).
fetal circulation
foramen ovalis and ductus arteriosus
function of aorta
pushes oxygenated blood out of the ventricles to the systemic circuit
fossa ovalis
a remnant of the foramen ovale, the fetal structure that links the right and left atria
ligamentum arteriosum
a remnant of the ductus arteriosum, the fetal structure linking the aorta and pulmonary trunk
arterioles
branch off arteries
venules
combine to form veins
capillaries
smallest blood vessels, often only one red blood cell thick
coronary arteries
supply blood to the heart; when blocked, cause a heart attack
cardiac veins
return blood from the heart muscle back to the heart; on the surface of the heart
if this is blocked, it can cause a heart attack
coronary arteries
cardiac cycle (one heart beat)
atria contract together, short pause, ventricles contract together, longer pause
normal blood pressure
120/70
pumlonary circut
heart to lungs and back
systemic circuit
heart to blood vessels in body and back
