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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

where is the apex of the lungs

A

at the top

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2
Q

where is the base of the lungs

A

at the bottom

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3
Q

what is primary bronchii
does it have cartalidge

A

divides off trachea and leads to lungs; there is one on the right and one on the left; reinforced with cartilage

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4
Q

what is secondary bronchii
does it have cartilidge

A

divides off the primary bronchii reinforced with cartilidge

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5
Q

what is tertiatary bronchii
does it have cartilidge

A

divides off the secondary bronchii reinforced with cartilidge

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6
Q

what are brochioles

A

smallest portion of the conducting pathway; last branches of the “tree”
some have cartilidge

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7
Q

what are alveoli
does it have cartilidge

A

the “grape” on the ends
air sacs; where gas exchange occurs (oxygen to blood and carbon dioxide to air sac); no cartilage here or it would block the gas diffusion

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8
Q

what are alveolar ducts

A

the “Stalk”

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9
Q

what are in the conducting zone

A

everything except the alveoli

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10
Q

what are in the respiratory zone

A

alveoli only

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11
Q

what is the conducting zone

A

no gas exchange, air flowing

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12
Q

follow an Oxygen molecule

A

oral cavity, naso/oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachera, L/R primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, simple squamous epithelial and endothelial cell of capillary, capillary, pulmonary viens, Left heart, cells

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13
Q

pleura

A

double-layered covering around the lungs

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14
Q

function of surfactant-secreting cells

A

produce surfactant in the alveoli

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15
Q

surfactant

A

greasy substance produced in the fetal lungs late in pregnancy; coats the alevoli and decreases the surface tension of the water lining so alevoli do not collapse after each breath

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16
Q

macrophage

A

white blood cell that wanders in and out of the alveoli picking up bacteria, particles and debris; called “dust” cells

17
Q

what is the nasal cavity

A

space behind nostrils

18
Q

what is the oral cavity

A

“mouth,” space behind lips

19
Q

function of conchae

A

create air turbulence to humidify and clean incoming air

20
Q

what is the palate

A

hard and soft plate at rood of mouth

21
Q

what is + function to sinus

A

carved out portion of skull bones that lightens the skull and helps voice resonate

22
Q

what is the pharynx

A

throat, routes food and air to proper channel; divided into 3 sections

23
Q

what is + function of tonsils

A

part of immune system; filter and trap viruses, bacteria and debris

24
Q

function of larynx

A

“voice box”

25
Q

what is + function of epiglottis

A

“flap” that protects the superior portion of the trachea when swallowing

26
Q

what is + function of uvula

A

structure hanging off soft palate that protects the nasopharynx during swallowing

27
Q

3 parts of pharynx (order top to bottom)

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
hypopharynx

28
Q

function of vocal folds

A

vibrate to produce voice/speech

29
Q

what is + function of hyoid bone

A

only bone in body that is not attached to another bone; provides an attachment point for tongue muscles and the epiglottis

30
Q

what is + function of tongue

A

in the oral cavity; made up of several layers of muscle; plays a role in speech and swallowing

31
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

32
Q

lung

A

made up of bronchi and groups of alveoli and divided into lobes; the right has 3 lobes and the left 2

33
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation process

A

The process moving air into and out of the
lungs.
-
Inhalation (IN) and exhalation (OUT)

ENERGY REQUIRED TO CONTRACT DIAPHRAM

34
Q

External
Respiration

A
  • O2 moves FROM the alveolus into the capillary bloodstream
  • CO2 moves TO the alveolus FROM the capillary to be exhaled out
    NO ENERGY REQUIRED
35
Q

Gas
Transport

A

Movement of O2 and CO2 throughout blood stream
ENERGY REQUIRED FOR HEARTBEAT

36
Q

Internal
Respiration

A
  • O2 moves TO the body cell from the capillary bloodstream
  • CO2 moves FROM the body cell to the capillary to be taken to the lungs
    NO ENERGY REQUIRE

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (10 decks)

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