Respiratory System Flashcards
where is the apex of the lungs
at the top
where is the base of the lungs
at the bottom
what is primary bronchii
does it have cartalidge
divides off trachea and leads to lungs; there is one on the right and one on the left; reinforced with cartilage
what is secondary bronchii
does it have cartilidge
divides off the primary bronchii reinforced with cartilidge
what is tertiatary bronchii
does it have cartilidge
divides off the secondary bronchii reinforced with cartilidge
what are brochioles
smallest portion of the conducting pathway; last branches of the “tree”
some have cartilidge
what are alveoli
does it have cartilidge
the “grape” on the ends
air sacs; where gas exchange occurs (oxygen to blood and carbon dioxide to air sac); no cartilage here or it would block the gas diffusion
what are alveolar ducts
the “Stalk”
what are in the conducting zone
everything except the alveoli
what are in the respiratory zone
alveoli only
what is the conducting zone
no gas exchange, air flowing
follow an Oxygen molecule
oral cavity, naso/oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachera, L/R primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, simple squamous epithelial and endothelial cell of capillary, capillary, pulmonary viens, Left heart, cells
pleura
double-layered covering around the lungs
function of surfactant-secreting cells
produce surfactant in the alveoli
surfactant
greasy substance produced in the fetal lungs late in pregnancy; coats the alevoli and decreases the surface tension of the water lining so alevoli do not collapse after each breath
macrophage
white blood cell that wanders in and out of the alveoli picking up bacteria, particles and debris; called “dust” cells
what is the nasal cavity
space behind nostrils
what is the oral cavity
“mouth,” space behind lips
function of conchae
create air turbulence to humidify and clean incoming air
what is the palate
hard and soft plate at rood of mouth
what is + function to sinus
carved out portion of skull bones that lightens the skull and helps voice resonate
what is the pharynx
throat, routes food and air to proper channel; divided into 3 sections
what is + function of tonsils
part of immune system; filter and trap viruses, bacteria and debris
function of larynx
“voice box”
what is + function of epiglottis
“flap” that protects the superior portion of the trachea when swallowing
what is + function of uvula
structure hanging off soft palate that protects the nasopharynx during swallowing
3 parts of pharynx (order top to bottom)
nasopharynx
oropharynx
hypopharynx
function of vocal folds
vibrate to produce voice/speech
what is + function of hyoid bone
only bone in body that is not attached to another bone; provides an attachment point for tongue muscles and the epiglottis
what is + function of tongue
in the oral cavity; made up of several layers of muscle; plays a role in speech and swallowing
trachea
windpipe
lung
made up of bronchi and groups of alveoli and divided into lobes; the right has 3 lobes and the left 2
Pulmonary Ventilation process
The process moving air into and out of the
lungs.
-
Inhalation (IN) and exhalation (OUT)
ENERGY REQUIRED TO CONTRACT DIAPHRAM
External
Respiration
- O2 moves FROM the alveolus into the capillary bloodstream
- CO2 moves TO the alveolus FROM the capillary to be exhaled out
NO ENERGY REQUIRED
Gas
Transport
Movement of O2 and CO2 throughout blood stream
ENERGY REQUIRED FOR HEARTBEAT
Internal
Respiration
- O2 moves TO the body cell from the capillary bloodstream
- CO2 moves FROM the body cell to the capillary to be taken to the lungs
NO ENERGY REQUIRE
