Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

where is the apex of the lungs

A

at the top

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2
Q

where is the base of the lungs

A

at the bottom

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3
Q

what is primary bronchii
does it have cartalidge

A

divides off trachea and leads to lungs; there is one on the right and one on the left; reinforced with cartilage

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4
Q

what is secondary bronchii
does it have cartilidge

A

divides off the primary bronchii reinforced with cartilidge

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5
Q

what is tertiatary bronchii
does it have cartilidge

A

divides off the secondary bronchii reinforced with cartilidge

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6
Q

what are brochioles

A

smallest portion of the conducting pathway; last branches of the “tree”
some have cartilidge

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7
Q

what are alveoli
does it have cartilidge

A

the “grape” on the ends
air sacs; where gas exchange occurs (oxygen to blood and carbon dioxide to air sac); no cartilage here or it would block the gas diffusion

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8
Q

what are alveolar ducts

A

the “Stalk”

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9
Q

what are in the conducting zone

A

everything except the alveoli

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10
Q

what are in the respiratory zone

A

alveoli only

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11
Q

what is the conducting zone

A

no gas exchange, air flowing

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12
Q

follow an Oxygen molecule

A

oral cavity, naso/oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachera, L/R primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, simple squamous epithelial and endothelial cell of capillary, capillary, pulmonary viens, Left heart, cells

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13
Q

pleura

A

double-layered covering around the lungs

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14
Q

function of surfactant-secreting cells

A

produce surfactant in the alveoli

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15
Q

surfactant

A

greasy substance produced in the fetal lungs late in pregnancy; coats the alevoli and decreases the surface tension of the water lining so alevoli do not collapse after each breath

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16
Q

macrophage

A

white blood cell that wanders in and out of the alveoli picking up bacteria, particles and debris; called “dust” cells

17
Q

what is the nasal cavity

A

space behind nostrils

18
Q

what is the oral cavity

A

“mouth,” space behind lips

19
Q

function of conchae

A

create air turbulence to humidify and clean incoming air

20
Q

what is the palate

A

hard and soft plate at rood of mouth

21
Q

what is + function to sinus

A

carved out portion of skull bones that lightens the skull and helps voice resonate

22
Q

what is the pharynx

A

throat, routes food and air to proper channel; divided into 3 sections

23
Q

what is + function of tonsils

A

part of immune system; filter and trap viruses, bacteria and debris

24
Q

function of larynx

A

“voice box”

25
what is + function of epiglottis
"flap" that protects the superior portion of the trachea when swallowing
26
what is + function of uvula
structure hanging off soft palate that protects the nasopharynx during swallowing
27
3 parts of pharynx (order top to bottom)
nasopharynx oropharynx hypopharynx
28
function of vocal folds
vibrate to produce voice/speech
29
what is + function of hyoid bone
only bone in body that is not attached to another bone; provides an attachment point for tongue muscles and the epiglottis
30
what is + function of tongue
in the oral cavity; made up of several layers of muscle; plays a role in speech and swallowing
31
trachea
windpipe
32
lung
made up of bronchi and groups of alveoli and divided into lobes; the right has 3 lobes and the left 2
33
Pulmonary Ventilation process
The process moving air into and out of the lungs. - Inhalation (IN) and exhalation (OUT) ENERGY REQUIRED TO CONTRACT DIAPHRAM
34
External Respiration
- O2 moves FROM the alveolus into the capillary bloodstream - CO2 moves TO the alveolus FROM the capillary to be exhaled out NO ENERGY REQUIRED
35
Gas Transport
Movement of O2 and CO2 throughout blood stream ENERGY REQUIRED FOR HEARTBEAT
36
Internal Respiration
- O2 moves TO the body cell from the capillary bloodstream - CO2 moves FROM the body cell to the capillary to be taken to the lungs NO ENERGY REQUIRE