Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing- Bioscience 1 > Special senses > Flashcards

Special senses Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 main regions that the ear is divided into and what does each part do?

A
  1. the external ear= collects sound waves and channels them inwards
  2. the middle ear= conveys sound vibrations to the oval window
  3. the internal ear= houses receptors for hearing and equilibrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cochlea and semi-circular canal responsible for in the ear?

A

-cochlea sound
-semi-circular canal balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which cranium nerve is responsible for hearing?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What part of the ear is the tympanic membrane?

A

The eardrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 2 causes of conductive deafness?

A

-a build up of earwax
-prolonged ear infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 smallest bones in the body which have the sound vibrations pass through?

A

sound vibrations are passed through the Malleus, Incus and Stapes to the oval window from the eardrum in the external ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Scala tympani part of the ear?

A

-at the bottom of the cochlea
-fluid filled (perilymph) extracellular fluid
-aural connection from round window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Scala media part of the ear?

A

-in the middle of the cochlea
-fluid filled (endolymph) this is unique to the ear only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Scala vestibule part of the ear?

A

-fluid filled (perilymph)
-aural connection from oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 8 steps for the physiology of hearing?

A
  1. the auricle directs sound waves into the external auditory canal
  2. sound waves striking the eardrum cause it to vibrate
  3. the central area of the eardrum connects to the malleus, which also starts to vibrate. The vibration is transmitted from the malleus to the incus and then to the stapes
  4. as the stapes moves back and forth, it pushes the oval window in and out
  5. the movement of the oval window sets up fluid pressure waves of the cochlea
  6. the fluid pressure waves are transmitted from the Scala vestibule to the Scala tympani and eventually to the membrane covering the round window
  7. as the pressure waves deform the walls, this creates pressure waves inside the cochlear duct
  8. the pressure waves bend the hairs of the spinal organ and stimulate the vestibulocochlear (VII) nerve. Sensory neurone in the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve terminate in the medulla oblongata. Auditory signals then pass to the midbrain, thalamus, and temporal lobes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is static equilibrium and what are the sense organs of this?

A

The orientation of the body relative to the pull of gravity. The maculae of the utricle and saccule are the sense organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium?

A

the maintenance of body position in response to rotational acceleration and deceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the accessory structures of the eyes?

A

-eyebrows
-eyelashes
-eyelids
-extrinsic eye muscles (move eyeballs)
-lacrimal apparatus (produce tears)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eyeball?

A
  1. fibrous tunic
  2. vascular tunic
  3. retina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the first layer that the retina consist of?

A

The neural layer:
-has a photoreceptor layer
-bipolar cell layer
-ganglion cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the second layer that the retina consists of?

A

The pigmented layer:
-a sheet of melanin-containing epithelial cells

17
Q

What is the function of the lens and what 2 cavities does the lens divide the interior of the eyeball into?

A

-the lens refracts light
-the anterior cavity
-the vitreous chamber

18
Q

What does the anterior cavity contain and do?

A

-contains aqueous humour which produces intraocular pressure within the eye and supplies oxygen and nutrients to the lens and cornea

19
Q

What does the vitreous chamber contain and do?

A

-contains the vitreous body which helps the eyeball from collapsing and keeps the retina attached to the choroid

20
Q

How does the pupil respond to bright light?

A

The pupil constricts as circular muscles of the iris contracts (parasympathetic)

21
Q

How does the pupil respond to dim light?

A

The pupil dilates as radial muscles of the iris contract (sympathetic)

22
Q

What is the first layer of eyeball and what are its structures and functions?

A

Fibrous tunic
-the cornea = admits and refracts light
-the sclera = provides shape and protects inner parts (the white part)

23
Q

What is the second layer of the eyeball and what are its structures and functions?

A

Vascular tunic
-the iris = regulates the amount of light that enters the eyeball
-the ciliary body = secretes aqueous humour and alters the shape of the lens for near or far vision
-the choroid = provides blood supply and absorbs scattered light

24
Q

What is the third layer of the eyeball and what is its function?

A

The retina
-receives light and converts it into nerve impulses, provides output to brain via axons of ganglion cells, which forms the optic 2 nerve

25
Q

What does refraction of light rays by the cornea and lens do?

A

it focuses an inverted image on the central fovea of the retina

26
Q

What does the lens do when viewing close objects?

A

-it increases its curvature (accommodation) and the pupil constricts to prevent light rays from entering the eye through the periphery of the lens

27
Q

What is myopia?

A

Near-sightedness

28
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

Far-sightedness

29
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

Irregular curvature of the cornea or lens

30
Q

What is convergence?

A

movement of the eyeballs towards the nose to view an object

31
Q

What is a photopigment?

A

A substance that can absorb light and undergo a change in structure

32
Q

What is the photopigment called in rods?

A

Rhodopsin (usually non functional in daylight)

33
Q

In what state of light do cones function in and what do they provide?

A

-bright light
-provide colour vision

34
Q

What is the visual nerve pathway?

A

-arise in ganglion cells
-conduct along the optic 3 nerve
-through the optic chiasm
-through the optic tract
-arrive at the thalamus
-impulses then extend to the primary visual area in the occipital lobe in the cerebral cortex

Nursing- Bioscience 1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions