Integumentary system

Question 1

What makes up the integumentary system?

Answer 1

-the skin
-hair
-oil
-sweat glands
-nails
-sensory receptors

Question 2

What are the 2 parts that structurally makes up the skin?

Answer 2

1. The epidermis= the superficial, thinner portion, composed of epithelial tissue
2. The dermis= the deeper, thicker portion made of dense irregular connective tissue

Question 3

What are the 4 types of cell contained in the epidermis skin layer?

Answer 3

1. keratinocytes (protein keratin)
2. Melanocytes (pigment melanin)
3. Intraepidermal macrophages (immune responses)
4. Tactile epithelial cells (detect touch sensations)

Question 4

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis skin layer?

Answer 4

1. stratum corneum (most superficial layer)
2. stratum lucidum (thick, hairless skin only)
3. stratum granulosum (keratinocytes undergo apoptosis here)
4. stratum spinosum (provides strength and flexibility)
5. stratum basale (deepest layer)

Question 5

What is the superficial part of the dermis made up of?

Answer 5

areolar connective tissue containing fine elastic fibres

Question 6

What increases the dermis surface area?

Answer 6

-small fingerlike projections (dermal papillae), touch receptors and free nerve endings

Question 7

What makes up the deeper part of the dermis?

Answer 7

-dense irregular connective tissue containing bundles of collagen and some coarse elastic fibres

Question 8

What are found between the fibres in the deeper part of the dermis?

Answer 8

-adipose tissue
-hair follicles
-nerves
-oil glands
-and sweat glands

Question 9

What are the three main pigments that impact a variety of skin colours?

Answer 9

-melanin
-haemoglobin
-carotene

Question 10

Give 3 examples of accessory structures of the skin and what their role is

Answer 10

-hair and nails= protect the body
-sweat glands help regulate body temperature

Question 11

What skin surfaces are hairs or pili NOT present on?

Answer 11

-palms
-palmar surfaces of the fingers
-soles
-plantar surfaces

Question 12

What are hairs and what are they made up of?

Answer 12

-a thread of fused, dead, keratinised epidermal cells
-consists of a shaft, a root and follicle

Question 13

What is the role of subaceous glands?

Answer 13

-connected to hair follicles
-produce sebum which moistens hairs and waterproofs the skin, keeps the skin soft and inhibits certain bacteria

Question 14

What are ceruminous glands?

Answer 14

-present in outer ear canal is a yellowish secretion called cerumen or earwax

Question 15

What are the two types of sudoriferous glands?

Answer 15

1. apocrine sweat glands= found mainly in the skin of the armpit, groin, areolae of the breasts and bearded regions of the face
2. eccrine sweat glands= most prevalent sweat glands distributed throughout most of the body, especially in the skin of the forehead, palms and soles

Question 16

What are the main functions of the skin?

Answer 16

-protection from UV light, dehydration, microbes,
-regulation of heat
-produce vitamin D
-shock absorber

Question 17

What are the (7) parts of a nail?

Answer 17

1. the free edge (extends past finger)
2. the nail body (visible portion of nail)
3. lunula (thick white part)
4. cuticle (the stratum corner of the epidermis)
5. nail root (portion which isn’t visible)
6. nail matrix (contains dividing cells which produce new nail cells)
7. nail bed (attaches free edge to fingertip)