special senses

Question 1

airbone molecules that have olfactory hairs

Answer 1

odorants

Question 2

parts of sensory pathways

Answer 2

sensory receptors, sensory neurons(spinal or cranial nerves), sensory tracts and sensory areas(cerebral cortex)

Question 3

sensory area in the temporal lobe of cerebral cortex

Answer 3

primary olfactory area

Question 4

have olfactory hairs w/ responds to airbone chemicals that dissolves in mucus on the nasal membranes

Answer 4

olfactory receptors

Question 5

interpretation of sensation

Answer 5

perception

Question 6

occur in all parts of the CNS

Answer 6

sensation/ senses

Question 7

exocrine glands produce sticky mucus that dissolves odorants

Answer 7

olfactory glands

Question 8

formed by axons of the ofactory receptors; transmit sensory input from the olfactory receptors to the olfactory tract

Answer 8

olfactory nerve cranial nerve 1

Question 9

their receptors are anatomically distinct from one another and are concentrated in specific locations in the head

Answer 9

special senses

Question 10

olfactory pathway

Answer 10

olfactory receptors, olfactory nerve CN 1, olfactory tract, primary olfactory area

Question 11

nerve impulses also transmitted to hypothalamus and limbic system

Answer 11

medulla

Question 12

relays sensory input from medulla to the primary gustatory area of the cerebral cortex

Answer 12

thalamus

Question 13

sensory area in the parietal lobe of cerebral cortex

Answer 13

primary gustatory area

Question 14

transmit sensory input from the taste buds of the pharynx/throat to the medulla

Answer 14

vagus nerve CN X

Question 15

transmit sensory input from the taste buds of the tongue to the medulla

Answer 15

facial nerve (CN VII) & glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 16

have gustatory hairs w/c respond to food chemicals or tastants that dissolve in saliva

Answer 16

gustatory receptors

Question 17

scattered in palate, buccal mucosa & pharynx; tulip shaped structure contains gustatory receptors; less sensitive than olfactory receptors

Answer 17

taste buds

Question 18

food molecules dissolves in saliva, enter taste pores & bind to gustatory hairs; contact w/ hairs elicits an action potential; food odorants also go upward to nasal cavity & stimulate olfaction.

Answer 18

tastants

Question 19

gustatory pathway

Answer 19

gustatory receptors ( in tastebuds), CNVII, IX, & X, medulla, thalamus, primary gustatory area

Question 20

dominant sensory orga; contains aprrox 70% of the sensory receptors in the body. spherical structure lodged in the bony orbit of the skull

Answer 20

eye

Question 21

prevents perspiration running down the forehead from reaching the eyes

Answer 21

eyebrows

Question 22

protect the eyes from excessive light and foreign objects; spread lubricating secretions over the eyeballs

Answer 22

eyelids

Question 23

space between the upper and lower eyelids that exposes the eyeball

Answer 23

papebral fissure

Question 24

the angle formed y the junction to the upper & lower eyelids

Answer 24

canthus

Question 25

medial angle closer to the nasal bone

Answer 25

inner canthus

Question 26

small, reddish elevationon the inner canthus; contains sebaceous glands

Answer 26

lacrimal caruncle

Question 27

whitish material produced by lacrimal caruncle; collects in inner canthus usually during sleep & dries

Answer 27

rheum

Question 28

vertical fold of skin w/c occurs on both sides of the nose & sometimes cover the inner canthus

Answer 28

epicanthal fold

Question 29

modified sebaceous glands that secrete a fluid that helps keep the eyelids from adhering to each other

Answer 29

meibomian glands

Question 30

secretes lacrimal fluid or tears w/c protects cleans lubricates & ,moistens the eyeball

Answer 30

lacrimal gland

Question 31

empty tears from the lacrimal gland onto the surface of the conjuctiva of the upper lid

Answer 31

lacrimal ducts

Question 32

two small openings on inner canthus w/c drain tears from anterior surface of the eyeball to the lacimal canals

Answer 32

lacrimal puncta

Question 33

are ducts that carry tears to the lacrimal sac ( lacrimal bone)

Answer 33

lacrimal canals

Question 34

carries the lacrimal fuid from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity

Answer 34

nasolacrimal ducts

Question 35

flow of tears

Answer 35

lacrimal gland, lacrimal ducts, lacrimal canals, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity

Question 36

extrinsic eye muscles; six traplike muscles which originate from the walls of the orbit & insert onto the outer surface of the eyeball;

Answer 36

extraocular muscles

Question 37

move the eyeball & hold it in place in the orbits; innervated by cranial nerves III, IV, VI

Answer 37

extraocular muscles

Question 38

turns the eye LATERALLY ( outward)

Answer 38

lateral rectus

Question 39

turns the eye medially ( inward)

Answer 39

medial rectus

Question 40

turns the eye superiorly & medially

Answer 40

superior rectus

Question 41

turns the eye inferiorly & medially

Answer 41

Inferior rectus

Question 42

turns the eye inferiorly & laterally

Answer 42

superior oblique

Question 43

turns the eye superiorly & laterally

Answer 43

inferior oblique

Question 44

superficial layer of the eyeball; consists of the anterior cornea & posterior sclera

Answer 44

fibrous layer

Question 45

transparent coat that covers pupil & iris

Answer 45

cornea

Question 46

refracts or bend light rays

Answer 46

cornea

Question 47

is avascular (receives oxygen from the air in front of it, & oxygen and nutrients from the aqueous humor that lies posterior to it)

Answer 47

cornea

Question 48

* can be transplanted from one person to another w/ only minimal risk of rejection

Answer 48

cornea

Question 49

richly supplied with free nerve endings * corneal or blinking reflex: protective reflex elicited when the cornea is touched

Answer 49

cornea

Question 50

arm of corneal reflex

Answer 50

trigeminal nerve (CN V) : sensory arm

Question 51

motor arm of corneal reflex

Answer 51

facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 52

: increase size/diameter of pupil (dilation or mydriasis)

Answer 52

radial fibers

Question 53

decrease size/diameter of pupil (constriction or miosis)

Answer 53

circular fibers

Question 54

the visible, colored portion of the eye lies between the cornea & lens, & its base attaches to the ciliary Body

Answer 54

iris

Question 55

* a circular smooth muscle continuous & anterior to the choroid * surrounds the edge of the lens & connects to it via the suspensory ligaments

Answer 55

ciliary body

Question 56

✓ alters the shape of the lens, adapting it for near or distant vision ✓ produces aqueous humor ( clear liquid inside the front part of the eye)

Answer 56

ciliary body

Question 57

✓ provides oxygen & nutrients to other layers of the eye ✓ contains melanin w/c absorbs stray light rays, preventing reflection & scattering of light w/in the eyeball

Answer 57

Choroid

Question 58

* highly vascular, darkly pigmented membrane that forms the posterior five-sixths of the vascular layer

Answer 58

choroid

Question 59

* highly vascular, darkly pigmented membrane that forms the posterior five-sixths of the vascular layer

Answer 59

choroid

Question 60

* also called “uvea” * the middle layer of the eyeball * composed of 3 parts

Answer 60

Vascular layer

Question 61

* forms the posterior five-sixths of the fibrous layer * the “white” of the eye * tough, opaque layer w/c covers the entire eyeball except the cornea

Answer 61

Sclera

Question 62

in bright light & for near vision

Answer 62

parasympathetic nervous

Question 63

system stimulated → circular fibers contract → pupil constricts (miosis)

Answer 63

parasympathetic nervous

Question 64

> in dim light & for distant vision

Answer 64

sympathetic nervous system

Question 65

stimulated → radial fibers contract → pupil dilates (mydriasis)

Answer 65

sympathetic nervous system