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anaphy > special senses > Flashcards

special senses Flashcards

1
Q

airbone molecules that have olfactory hairs

A

odorants

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2
Q

parts of sensory pathways

A

sensory receptors, sensory neurons(spinal or cranial nerves), sensory tracts and sensory areas(cerebral cortex)

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3
Q

sensory area in the temporal lobe of cerebral cortex

A

primary olfactory area

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4
Q

have olfactory hairs w/ responds to airbone chemicals that dissolves in mucus on the nasal membranes

A

olfactory receptors

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5
Q

interpretation of sensation

A

perception

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6
Q

occur in all parts of the CNS

A

sensation/ senses

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7
Q

exocrine glands produce sticky mucus that dissolves odorants

A

olfactory glands

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8
Q

formed by axons of the ofactory receptors; transmit sensory input from the olfactory receptors to the olfactory tract

A

olfactory nerve cranial nerve 1

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9
Q

their receptors are anatomically distinct from one another and are concentrated in specific locations in the head

A

special senses

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10
Q

olfactory pathway

A

olfactory receptors, olfactory nerve CN 1, olfactory tract, primary olfactory area

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11
Q

nerve impulses also transmitted to hypothalamus and limbic system

A

medulla

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12
Q

relays sensory input from medulla to the primary gustatory area of the cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

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13
Q

sensory area in the parietal lobe of cerebral cortex

A

primary gustatory area

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14
Q

transmit sensory input from the taste buds of the pharynx/throat to the medulla

A

vagus nerve CN X

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15
Q

transmit sensory input from the taste buds of the tongue to the medulla

A

facial nerve (CN VII) & glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

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16
Q

have gustatory hairs w/c respond to food chemicals or tastants that dissolve in saliva

A

gustatory receptors

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17
Q

scattered in palate, buccal mucosa & pharynx; tulip shaped structure contains gustatory receptors; less sensitive than olfactory receptors

A

taste buds

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18
Q

food molecules dissolves in saliva, enter taste pores & bind to gustatory hairs; contact w/ hairs elicits an action potential; food odorants also go upward to nasal cavity & stimulate olfaction.

A

tastants

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19
Q

gustatory pathway

A

gustatory receptors ( in tastebuds), CNVII, IX, & X, medulla, thalamus, primary gustatory area

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20
Q

dominant sensory orga; contains aprrox 70% of the sensory receptors in the body. spherical structure lodged in the bony orbit of the skull

A

eye

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21
Q

prevents perspiration running down the forehead from reaching the eyes

A

eyebrows

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22
Q

protect the eyes from excessive light and foreign objects; spread lubricating secretions over the eyeballs

A

eyelids

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23
Q

space between the upper and lower eyelids that exposes the eyeball

A

papebral fissure

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24
Q

the angle formed y the junction to the upper & lower eyelids

A

canthus

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25
Q

medial angle closer to the nasal bone

A

inner canthus

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26
Q

small, reddish elevationon the inner canthus; contains sebaceous glands

A

lacrimal caruncle

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27
Q

whitish material produced by lacrimal caruncle; collects in inner canthus usually during sleep & dries

A

rheum

28
Q

vertical fold of skin w/c occurs on both sides of the nose & sometimes cover the inner canthus

A

epicanthal fold

29
Q

modified sebaceous glands that secrete a fluid that helps keep the eyelids from adhering to each other

A

meibomian glands

30
Q

secretes lacrimal fluid or tears w/c protects cleans lubricates & ,moistens the eyeball

A

lacrimal gland

31
Q

empty tears from the lacrimal gland onto the surface of the conjuctiva of the upper lid

A

lacrimal ducts

32
Q

two small openings on inner canthus w/c drain tears from anterior surface of the eyeball to the lacimal canals

A

lacrimal puncta

33
Q

are ducts that carry tears to the lacrimal sac ( lacrimal bone)

A

lacrimal canals

34
Q

carries the lacrimal fuid from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity

A

nasolacrimal ducts

35
Q

flow of tears

A

lacrimal gland, lacrimal ducts, lacrimal canals, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity

36
Q

extrinsic eye muscles; six traplike muscles which originate from the walls of the orbit & insert onto the outer surface of the eyeball;

A

extraocular muscles

37
Q

move the eyeball & hold it in place in the orbits; innervated by cranial nerves III, IV, VI

A

extraocular muscles

38
Q

turns the eye LATERALLY ( outward)

A

lateral rectus

39
Q

turns the eye medially ( inward)

A

medial rectus

40
Q

turns the eye superiorly & medially

A

superior rectus

41
Q

turns the eye inferiorly & medially

A

Inferior rectus

42
Q

turns the eye inferiorly & laterally

A

superior oblique

43
Q

turns the eye superiorly & laterally

A

inferior oblique

44
Q

superficial layer of the eyeball; consists of the anterior cornea & posterior sclera

A

fibrous layer

45
Q

transparent coat that covers pupil & iris

A

cornea

46
Q

refracts or bend light rays

A

cornea

47
Q

is avascular (receives oxygen from the air in front of it, & oxygen and nutrients from the aqueous humor that lies posterior to it)

A

cornea

48
Q
  • can be transplanted from one person to another w/ only minimal risk of rejection
A

cornea

49
Q

richly supplied with free nerve endings
* corneal or blinking reflex: protective reflex elicited when the
cornea is touched

A

cornea

50
Q

arm of corneal reflex

A

trigeminal nerve (CN V) : sensory
arm

51
Q

motor arm of corneal reflex

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

52
Q

: increase size/diameter of pupil (dilation or
mydriasis)

A

radial fibers

53
Q

decrease size/diameter of pupil
(constriction or miosis)

A

circular fibers

54
Q

the visible, colored portion of the eye
lies between the cornea & lens, & its base attaches to the ciliary
Body

A

iris

55
Q
  • a circular smooth muscle continuous & anterior to the choroid
  • surrounds the edge of the lens & connects to it via the suspensory ligaments
A

ciliary body

56
Q

✓ alters the shape of the lens, adapting it for near or distant vision
✓ produces aqueous humor ( clear liquid inside the front part of the eye)

A

ciliary body

57
Q

✓ provides oxygen & nutrients to other layers of the eye
✓ contains melanin w/c absorbs stray light rays, preventing
reflection & scattering of light w/in the eyeball

A

Choroid

58
Q
  • highly vascular, darkly pigmented
    membrane that forms the posterior
    five-sixths of the vascular layer
A

choroid

59
Q
  • highly vascular, darkly pigmented
    membrane that forms the posterior
    five-sixths of the vascular layer
A

choroid

60
Q
  • also called “uvea”
  • the middle layer of the eyeball
  • composed of 3 parts
A

Vascular layer

61
Q
  • forms the posterior five-sixths of the fibrous layer
  • the “white” of the eye
  • tough, opaque layer w/c covers the entire eyeball except the cornea
A

Sclera

62
Q

in bright light & for near vision

A

parasympathetic nervous

63
Q

system stimulated →
circular fibers contract →
pupil constricts (miosis)

A

parasympathetic nervous

64
Q

> in dim light & for distant vision

A

sympathetic nervous system

65
Q

stimulated → radial fibers
contract → pupil dilates
(mydriasis)

A

sympathetic nervous system

anaphy (5 decks)

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