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MRI Registry Review > Special Procedures > Flashcards

Special Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is a method of visualizing vessels containing flowing nuclei by creating contrast between flowing spins and stationary tissue?

A. MRA
B. Dixon technique
C. Spectroscopy
D. Turbulent flow

A

A. MRA

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2
Q

MRA techniques can be used to visualize both arteries and veins.

True or false

A

True

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3
Q

What type of blood flow is also referred to as first order motion?

A. Spiral/vortex flow
B. Turbulent flow
C. All answers are correct
D. Laminar flow

A

D. Laminar flow

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4
Q

What type of blood flow can be compensated for by the MR system?

A. Spiral/vortex flow
B. Turbulent flow
C. No answers are correct
D. Laminar flow

A

D. Laminar flow

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5
Q

What type of blood flow is also referred to as third order motion?

A. Spiral/vortex flow
B. Turbulent flow
C. Laminar flow
D. Both turbulent and laminar flow

A

B. Turbulent flow

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6
Q

Where does the velocity of blood flow tend to be the greatest?

A. Near the periphery of a blood vessel
B. Near the center of a blood vessel
C. Within the extracellular spaces
D. Within the blood vessels with a larger diameter

A

B. Near the center of a blood vessel

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7
Q

Which of the following is considered a flow from phenomenon?

A. Time of flight
B. Entry slice phenomenon
C. Intra-voxel dephasing
D. All answers are correct

A

D. All answers are correct

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8
Q

What flow phenomenon describes? How stationary spins return more signal than flow and spins since they are more likely to receive both an excitation and rephasing pulse before traveling out of a slice?

A. Time of flight
B. Entry slice phenomenon
C. Intra-voxel dephasing
D. Laminar flow

A

A. Time of flight

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9
Q

TOF phenomenon is observable during GE pulse sequences.

True or false

A

False

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10
Q

TOF phenomenon is not observable during GE pulse sequences because the rephasing gradient used is not slice selective.

True or false

A

True

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11
Q

As flow velocity________,
TOF effects_______.

A. Decreases/ increase
B. No answers are correct
C. Increases/ increase
D. Increases/ decrease

A

C. Increases/ increase

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12
Q

As TOF effects increase, the signal received from flowing nuclei _______

A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stays the same
D. Increases in multiples of 2

A

B. Decreases

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13
Q

What phrase describes the signal lost due to tof affects as velocity of flow increases?

A. High velocity signal loss
B. Flow related enhancement
C. Velocity amplification
D. Flow gain

A

A. High velocity signal loss

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14
Q

What phrase describes the signal lost due to tof affects as velocity of flow decreases?

A. High velocity signal loss
B. Flow related enhancement
C. Velocity amplification
D. Flow gain

A

B. Flow related enhancement

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15
Q

Why is flowing blood sometimes hyperintense to stationary tissue during TOF sequences?

A. Because of high velocity signal loss
B. Because of flow-related enhancement
C. Because of the increased temperature of flowing blood
D. All answers are correct

A

B. Because of flow-related enhancement

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16
Q

Why is flowing blood sometimes hypointense to stationary tissue during TOF sequences?

A. Because of high velocity signal loss
B. Because of flow-related enhancement
C. Because of the increased temperature of flowing blood
D. All answers are correct

A

A. Because of high velocity signal loss

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17
Q

As flow velocity decreases, less flowing nuclei are present within a slice for both the excitation and rephrasing pulses.

True or false

A

False

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18
Q

As the TE________, TOF effects_________

A. Increases/ increase
B. Increases/decrease
C. Decreases/ increase
D. No answers are correct

A

A. Increases/ increase

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19
Q

As the TE________, TOF effects_________

A. Decreases/ decrease
B. Increases/decrease
C. Decreases/ increase
D. No answers are correct

A

A. Decreases/ decrease

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20
Q

As the TE decreases, less flowing nuclei are present within a slice for both the excitation and rephrasing pulses.

True or false

A

False

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21
Q

As slice thickness decreases, TOF effects_______

A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Stay the same
D. Disappear

A

A. Increase

22
Q

One advantage of 3D TOF over 2D TOF is:

A. The ability to visualize larger vessels
B. The ability to visualize smaller vessels.
C. Decreased spatial resolution
D. Improved magnetic field homogeneity

A

B. The ability to visualize smaller vessels.

23
Q

What flow phenomenon explains how signal intensity is affected by the direction of flowing nuclei in relation to a stack of slices?

A. Time of flight
B. Entry slice phenomenon
C. Intravoxel dephasing
D. Laminar flow

A

B. Entry slice phenomenon

24
Q

Which term is synonymous with entry/ phenomenon?

A. Outflow effect
B. Inflow effect
C. Intra-voxel dephasing
D. Time of flight

A

B. Inflow effect

25
Q

As TR________,
entry slice phenomenon__________.

A. Decreases/ decreases
B. Increases/ decreases
C. Decreases/increases
D. No answers are correct

A

D. No answers are correct

26
Q

As slice thickness_________,
entry slice phenomenon__________

A. Decreases/ decreases
B. Increases/ decreases
C. Decreases/increases
D. No answers are correct

A

B. Increases/ decreases

27
Q

As flow velocity_________,
entry slice phenomenon__________

A. Increases/ does not change
B. Increases/decreases
C. Decreases/ increases
D. No answers are correct

A

D. No answers are correct

28
Q

Which factor has the greatest effect on entry slice phenomenon?

A. Direction of flow
B. Velocity of flow
C. Gap space
d. Slice thickness

A

A. Direction of flow

29
Q

Spins that flow________to a stack of slices display more entry slice phenomenon.

A. Near
B. Cocurrent
C. Parallel
D. Perpendicular

A

D. Perpendicular

30
Q

What flow phenomenon explains how spins flowing along a gradient cause a decrease in signal because they are out of phase with stationary nuclei?

A. Time of flight
B. Entry slice phenomenon
C. Intravoxel dephasing
D. Laminar flow

A

C. Intravoxel dephasing

31
Q

What type of MRA technique enhances blood flow that is flowing perpendicular to a stack of slices by saturating the signal from stationary spins?

A. Time of flight imaging
B. Phase contrast imaging
C. Digital subtraction angiography
D. Contrast enhancement MRA

A

A. Time of flight imaging

32
Q

What type of pulse sequence is commonly used during TOF imaging?

A. Coherent gradient echo
B. Incoherent gradient echo
C. Inversion recovery
D. Spin echo

A

B. Incoherent gradient echo

33
Q

During time of flight imaging, a flip angle of_________ is used to saturate stationary non-flowing spins

A. 90+
B. 42-60
C. 30-45
D. 70-110

34
Q

During time of flight imaging, a TR of_________is used to saturate stationary non-flowing spins.

A. 0-5 ms
B. 100+ ms
C. 200-500 ms
D. 20-50 ms

A

D. 20-50 ms

35
Q

During TOF imaging, normal blood flow provides_______signal, while occluded blood flow provides_______ signal.

A. Low/ no
B. No/ low
C. Low/ low
D. High/ low

A

D. High/ low

36
Q

2D TOF imaging is commonly used when imaging anatomical areas that require a ______FOV.

A. Larger
B. Symmetric
C. Smaller
D. Asymmetric

37
Q

2D TOF imaging is typically used to image areas with _______ blood flow.

A. No
B. Slow
C. Fast
D. Turbulent

38
Q

2D TOF is usually preferred over 3D TOF when imaging the carotid arteries.

True or false

39
Q

3D TOF is usually preferred over 2D TOF when imaging the circle of Willis.

True or false

40
Q

What type of MRA technique uses 2 bipolar gradient pulses to create phase changes in flowing blood?

A. Digital subtraction angiography
B. Phase contrast imaging
C. Time of flight imaging
D. Contrast enhancement MRA

A

B. Phase contrast imaging

41
Q

What type of pulse sequence is used during phase contrast imaging?

A. Inversion recovery
B. Both gradient echo and spin echo
C. Gradient echo
D. Spin echo

A

C. Gradient echo

42
Q

Which of the following are involved in the application of phase contrast (PC) imaging?

A. VENC parameter
B. Time intensity curves
C. Bipolar gradient application
D. VENC parameter and bipolar gradient application

A

D. VENC parameter and bipolar gradient application

43
Q

A _______is a bipolar gradient used during phase contrast imaging.

A. Flux capacitor
B. Phase encoding gradient
C. Slice-select gradient
D. Velocity encoding gradient

A

D. Velocity encoding gradient

44
Q

The VENC allows for the velocity encoding of flowing spins that are traveling in ________direction.

A. Vertical
B. Horizontal
C. Diagonal
D. Any

45
Q

The VENC setting controls the _________of the bi-polar gradient application.

A. Strength and duration
B. Frequency and wavelength
C. Wavelength
D. Height and strength

A

A. Strength and duration

46
Q

A high VENC setting should be used for slow flowing blood.

True or False

47
Q

A low VENC setting should be used for slow flowing blood.

True or false

48
Q

A high VENC setting should typically be used when imaging vessels with:

A. A large circumference
B. A small circumference
C. Turbulent flow
D. Vortex flow

A

B. A small circumference

49
Q

What type of pulse sequence is commonly used during contrast enhanced MRA?

A. FSE
B. IR
C. GRE
D. SE

50
Q

During cardiac cine studies, each frame displays:

A. Blood pressure
B. The heart at various phases of the cardiac cycle
C. Heart rate
D. Cerebral blood volume

A

B. The heart at various phases of the cardiac cycle

51
Q

What is the main purpose of cine studies?

A. To provide “truer” T2 weighted images
B. To remove magnetic field inhomogeneities
C. To decrease magnetic susceptibility artifacts
D. To visualize motion and function

A

D. To visualize motion and function

MRI Registry Review (15 decks)

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