MRI History/ Larmor Flashcards
Who is credited with discovering nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)?
A) Paul Lauterbur
B) Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell
C) Raymond Damadian
D) Nikola Tesla
B) Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell
In what year was nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) discovered?
A) 1946
B) 1952
C) 1963
D) 1971
A) 1946
Who is considered the father of MRI for discovering the first human tumor using MRI?
A) Peter Mansfield
B) Paul Lauterbur
C) Raymond Damadian
D) Felix Bloch
C) Raymond Damadian
What year did Raymond Damadian first scan a human body using MRI?
A) 1977
B) 1973
C) 1981
D) 1970
A) 1977
Who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1952 for the discovery of NMR?
A) Damadian and Lauterbur
B) Purcell and Bloch
C) Mansfield and Lauterbur
D) Tesla and Marconi
B) Purcell and Bloch
Paul Lauterbur introduced the idea of spatial localization using gradients in what year?
A) 1971
B) 1973
C) 1975
D) 1977
B) 1973
Who developed the echo-planar imaging (EPI) technique?
A) Lauterbur
B) Damadian
C) Mansfield
D) Purcell
C) Mansfield
What is the significance of Felix Bloch in MRI history?
A) Invented the first scanner
B) Discovered spin echo
C) Co-discovered NMR
D) Developed contrast agents
C) Co-discovered NMR
When did the first commercial MRI scanner become available?
A) 1977
B) 1980
C) 1983
D) 1985
C) 1983
The first MRI images of a human were of what part of the body?
A) Brain
B) Chest
C) Abdomen
D) Arm
D) Arm
Which of the following is not one of the original MRI pioneers?
A) Peter Mansfield
B) Raymond Damadian
C) Nikola Tesla
D) Paul Lauterbur
C) Nikola Tesla
Which discovery allowed for faster MRI image acquisition?
A) Gradient echo
B) Spin echo
C) Echo-planar imaging
D) T2 weighting
C) Echo-planar imaging
What key invention did Peter Mansfield contribute to MRI physics?
A) Magnetic gradient coils
B) Fourier transform method for image reconstruction
C) RF pulse shaping
D) T1 contrast agents
B) Fourier transform method for image reconstruction
When did Damadian file his first MRI patent?
A) 1972
B) 1974
C) 1971
D) 1975
A) 1972
What was a major limitation of Damadian’s early MRI scans?
A) Low signal-to-noise ratio
B) Extremely long scan times
C) Lack of spatial resolution
D) Toxic contrast agents
B) Extremely long scan times
Which of the following combinations is correct according to the Larmor equation?
A) 1.5T → 21.3 MHz
B) 3.0T → 127.74 MHz
C) 1.0T → 42.58 MHz
D) 0.5T → 63.87 MHz
C) 1.0T → 42.58 MHz
Why is the Larmor frequency important in MRI?
A) It determines the tissue contrast
B) It sets the RF pulse frequency needed to excite hydrogen nuclei
C) It controls the strength of the magnetic field
D) It determines image resolution
B) It sets the RF pulse frequency needed to excite hydrogen nuclei
If the magnetic field increases from 1.5T to 3T, the precessional frequency of hydrogen will…
A) Stay the same
B) Double
C) Decrease
D) Increase by 1.5×
B) Double
Which factor directly increases precessional frequency?
A) T1 relaxation time
B) RF flip angle
C) Magnetic field strength (B₀)
D) Gradient amplitude
C) Magnetic field strength (B₀)
What is the precessional frequency of hydrogen in a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner?
A) 21.3 MHz
B) 42.58 MHz
C) 63.87 MHz
D) 63.87 kHz
C) 63.87 MHz
What is the gyromagnetic ratio for hydrogen?
A) 26.7 MHz/T
B) 42.58 MHz/T
C) 63.86 MHz/T
D) 1.41 MHz/T
B) 42.58 MHz/T
What does the gyromagnetic ratio represent in MRI?
A) The mass-to-charge ratio of a nucleus
B) The torque of a spinning nucleus
C) The ratio between magnetic moment and angular momentum
D) The resistance of tissue to RF pulses
C) The ratio between magnetic moment and angular momentum
